Public condition directory
Browse public condition summaries from China medical resources by stable specialty category.
Developmental delay
Developmental delay refers to a phenomenon where the speed of growth and development slows down or stops, falling below the developmental level of normal children of the same age. It generally specifically refers to children under 6 years old who exhibit two or more significant delays in developmental domains such as gross/fine motor skills, language, cognition, social/personal skills, and activities of daily living.
View detailsCongenital malformations of female genitalia
Female genital congenital malformations refer to congenital deformities of the female reproductive organs, which commonly include: Uterine developmental malformations: uterus didelphys, rudimentary horn uterus, septate uterus, congenital absence of the uterus, etc. Vulvovaginal developmental malformations: imperforate hymen, congenital absence of the vagina, transverse vaginal septum, longitudinal vaginal septum, oblique vaginal septum, double vagina, etc.
View detailsCongenital adrenal hyperplasia
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a relatively common autosomal recessive genetic disorder caused by congenital defects in enzymes required for corticosteroid synthesis. Due to the defect in corticosteroid synthesis, the body's endocrine regulatory center secretes excessive adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) to increase the levels of these hormones. This leads to adrenal cortical hyperplasia and the secretion of excessive cortisol precursors, such as 11-deoxycortisol and adrenal androgens, resulting in a series of clinical symptoms. This disease is a class of disorders, including 21-hydroxylase deficiency, 11β-hydroxylase deficiency, 17-hydroxylase deficiency, 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency, corticosterone methyl oxidase deficiency, and congenital lipoid adrenal hyperplasia.
Pediatric urinary tract infection
Urinary tract infection (UTI) refers to the direct invasion of the urinary tract by pathogens, which then grow and multiply in the urine, damaging the urinary tract mucosa and tissues. In children, infections are rarely confined to a specific part of the urinary tract, and precise localization is often difficult. Therefore, they are commonly referred to as urinary tract infections. Clinically, UTIs can be classified into symptomatic UTIs and asymptomatic bacteriuria, depending on the presence of symptoms. The onset age is typically between 2 and 5 years. Asymptomatic bacteriuria is more common in school-aged girls. Clinical symptoms are often atypical and may include fever, dysuria, frequent urination, urgency, and abdominal pain, among other urinary system symptoms.
View detailsHermaphroditism
Hermaphroditism, also known as disorders of sex development (DSD), refers to a condition where the reproductive organs exhibit characteristics of both sexes. It is a type of congenital malformation of the reproductive organs.
View detailsDiaphragmatic hernia
Diaphragmatic hernia is a type of internal hernia, where abdominal or retroperitoneal organs or tissues protrude into the thoracic cavity through a congenital or acquired defect (such as a traumatic tear) in the diaphragm, forming a diaphragmatic hernia. Esophageal hiatus hernia is the most common, followed by traumatic and congenital diaphragmatic hernias. The symptoms of this disease are often atypical, leading to delayed diagnosis of late-onset diaphragmatic hernias. Furthermore, the herniated organs can become strangulated or even necrotic, which can increase mortality.
View detailsTracheal stenosis
Tracheal stenosis is a disease characterized by dyspnea caused by tracheal cartilage framework deformity, collapse, or defect, tracheal mucosal scar formation, or submucosal tissue hyperplasia due to various reasons. Common manifestations of this disease include dyspnea, cough, hemoptysis, and stridor.
View detailsAtrial septal defect
Atrial septal defect (ASD) refers to a condition where a portion of the septum between the right and left atria of the heart fails to close completely during fetal development. ASD accounts for approximately 10% of all congenital heart diseases, ranking as the second most common congenital heart disease in children. It accounts for 20% to 30% of congenital heart diseases in adults, making it the most common congenital heart disease in adults. It is more prevalent in females than males. Common Questions Q: Does atrial septal defect affect pregnancy? A: The impact of atrial septal defect on pregnancy varies depending on the specific condition of the pregnant woman. Although cardiac load increases during pregnancy, young pregnant women with simple defects can tolerate pregnancy, even multiple pregnancies, without significant adverse outcomes. However, if there is a history of certain arrhythmias or heart failure, the risk of pregnancy increases, requiring close monitoring. There is a higher risk of specific venous embolisms and abnormal blood shunting during delivery compared to the general population. If there is coexisting significant pulmonary vascular disease, the risk of maternal and fetal mortality is high, and pregnancy should be avoided in such cases.
View detailsVentricular septal defect
The septum between the left and right ventricles of the heart is called the ventricular septum. An intact ventricular septum prevents blood flow between the left and right ventricles. Ventricular septal defect (VSD) is a condition where there is a hole in the ventricular septum, causing blood from the left and right ventricles to mix, leading to a series of problems. It is the most common congenital heart disease. The symptoms of VSD vary. If the defect is small, there are usually no obvious symptoms. If the defect is large, it can manifest as shortness of breath and fatigue after activity, and in severe cases, it can lead to growth and developmental delays.
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