Public condition directory
Browse public condition summaries from China medical resources by stable specialty category.
Congenital hydrocephalus
Congenital hydrocephalus, also known as infantile hydrocephalus, refers to the accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the cerebral ventricles due to congenital factors leading to excessive CSF secretion, obstructed circulation, or impaired absorption. The main symptoms of this condition include sunset eyes, enlarged head circumference and anterior fontanelle, headache, and vomiting.
View detailsScalp laceration
Scalp laceration refers to a partial or full-thickness tear of the scalp caused by strong forces. It can result from falls, blunt trauma, sharp object injuries, or animal or human bites. Typically, there is significant bleeding, which can lead to shock and be life-threatening.
View detailsScalp avulsion
Scalp avulsion refers to the extensive tearing of the scalp from beneath the galea aponeurotica. It is often caused by hair being caught in machinery. It is more common in women, and patients experience significant bleeding, often accompanied by shock.
Traumatic hydrocephalus
Traumatic hydrocephalus refers to hydrocephalus that occurs after a patient sustains a traumatic brain injury, where intracranial foreign bodies, intraventricular hemorrhage, or subarachnoid hemorrhage obstruct the cerebrospinal fluid circulation pathway, or the subarachnoid space is damaged. This condition can be classified into acute hydrocephalus and chronic hydrocephalus. Acute hydrocephalus refers to hydrocephalus that appears within 2 weeks after injury; chronic hydrocephalus refers to hydrocephalus that occurs between 3 weeks and 1 year after injury. Symptoms may include psychiatric symptoms, gait instability, and urinary incontinence. In severe cases, coma may occur.
View detailsPinealoma
The pineal gland is an endocrine gland located within the brain, possessing endocrine functions. Pineal tumors refer to a series of pathological changes caused by increased secretion of gonadotropins and sex hormones due to pineal tumors (the secretory function of the pineal gland has an antagonistic effect on the anterior pituitary). They account for less than 1% of intracranial tumors and are more common in boys. Clinical manifestations include headache, vomiting, papilledema, altered mental status, ocular movement disorders, decreased vision, and precocious puberty.
View detailsHypoglossal neuroma
Hypoglossal neuroma is a rare intracranial neuroma. It is essentially a benign, slow-growing tumor. In extremely rare cases, it can undergo malignant transformation. This disease predominantly affects young and middle-aged adults. The main symptoms include chronic progressive hemiparalysis of the tongue muscles, unilateral tongue muscle atrophy, tongue deviation on protrusion, headache, and dysarthria.
View detailsFacial neuroma
Facial nerve neuroma is a relatively rare, continuously growing tumor that occurs on the facial nerve. Most are benign, and malignant tumors are extremely rare. The incidence of this disease is low, only 0.4% to 2.6%, and it can occur at any age, with a higher prevalence in young and middle-aged adults. Common symptoms include facial muscle spasms, facial paralysis, tinnitus, and hearing loss.
View detailsSturge-Weber syndrome
Sturge-Weber syndrome, also known as encephalotrigeminal angiomatosis, is a rare congenital neurocutaneous syndrome involving vascular malformations of the skin, eyes, and brain. It is primarily characterized by angiomas affecting the leptomeninges, the facial area innervated by the trigeminal nerve, and the choroid of the eye. Onset typically occurs during infancy or early childhood, presenting with neurological and ocular symptoms.
View detailsEncephalocele
Encephalocele is a congenital skull defect where part of the central nervous system herniates outside the skull through this defect. It is one of the neural tube defects and is considered a severe malformation. Males are more prone to anterior encephaloceles, while females are more commonly affected by posterior encephaloceles. The main symptom is a round or oval cystic bulging mass.
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