Public condition directory
Browse public condition summaries from China medical resources by stable specialty category.
Infant diarrhea
Infant diarrhea refers to diarrhea that occurs during infancy. Due to the incomplete development of the infant's nervous system, poor gastrointestinal regulation, and low secretion and activity of various digestive enzymes, the body has poor tolerance to food, making it prone to digestive dysfunction and diarrhea.
View detailsCongenital Hypothyroidism
Pediatric hypothyroidism (hypothyroidism) is caused by congenital or acquired thyroid hormone deficiency, and affected children exhibit slow growth and intellectual disability. The most common cause of acquired hypothyroidism is autoimmune thyroiditis, with a higher incidence in girls than in boys.
View detailsDown syndrome
Down syndrome, also known as trisomy 21, is a chromosomal disorder caused by an abnormality of chromosome 21, manifesting as a range of physical and mental problems.
Rubella
Rubella, also known as German measles, is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by the rubella virus. Rubella is highly contagious and is more common in winter and spring. School-aged children are the most susceptible to rubella virus infection. If pregnant women are infected with the rubella virus, it may lead to stillbirth, premature birth, or severe congenital deformities in the baby. Rubella is a self-limiting disease caused by a virus, and there is no specific treatment. Home treatment can relieve symptoms.
View detailsInfantile spasms
Infantile spasms are a common group of infantile epileptic syndromes caused by various etiologies. The typical symptom is a series of nodding-like spasms occurring before sleep or after waking. Related symptoms may persist for about 25-32 months. Generally, after 5 years of age, the spasms gradually subside in 85% of affected children, but the developmental delay and intellectual decline caused earlier will persist, and it is prone to transforming into other types of epilepsy.
View detailsPediatric growth hormone deficiency
Growth hormone is a hormone secreted by the pituitary gland in the brain. It not only promotes growth but also stimulates protein synthesis in the body and influences the metabolism of substances such as fat, blood sugar, calcium, and phosphorus. Growth hormone deficiency is a growth and development disorder caused by hypothalamic or pituitary dysfunction, leading to insufficient synthesis or secretion of growth hormone, or due to abnormal growth hormone structure, or receptor defects. Growth hormone deficiency can lead to a series of problems such as short stature, abnormal blood sugar, elevated blood lipids, and obesity.
View detailsTrace element disorders
Trace element disorders refer to the deficiency of trace elements in the human body, leading to various complications. Iodine deficiency is the most common trace element disorder, with children and women being most affected. Essential trace elements: iodine, zinc, selenium, copper, molybdenum, chromium, cobalt, iron. Among these, iron, iodine, and zinc are micronutrients that are prone to deficiency. Potentially essential elements: manganese, silicon, boron, vanadium, nickel. Elements with potential toxicity but possibly essential functions at low doses: fluorine, cadmium, mercury, arsenic, aluminum, lithium, tin.
View detailsFebrile seizures
Febrile seizures are clinically common in infants and young children, typically occurring between 6 months and 5 years of age. They often happen during the early stages of infection with a high fever (greater than 38.5℃). The main manifestations include sudden clonic and tonic spasms of generalized or localized muscles, accompanied by strabismus, fixed gaze, upward rolling of the eyes, and impaired consciousness. Based on the etiology, febrile seizures can be classified into simple and complex types. Simple febrile seizures: These seizures have a clear fever trigger, such as an upper respiratory tract infection, and other organic diseases are ruled out. The seizures are generalized, typically lasting less than 15 minutes, and usually occur only once within 24 hours. This type accounts for a higher proportion of febrile seizures, exceeding 75%. Complex febrile seizures: Complex febrile seizures are clinically less common, accounting for 20%-30%, but they are relatively more harmful and have a poorer prognosis. They are mainly characterized by focal or generalized seizures lasting longer than 15 minutes, more than 2 seizures within 24 hours, and may be followed by central nervous system abnormalities, such as Todd's paralysis.
View detailsSleep terrors
Night terror is a childhood sleep disorder characterized by sudden awakening from deep sleep with a series of symptoms due to intense fear. It manifests as suddenly sitting up, screaming, and crying after falling asleep, accompanied by rapid breathing and increased heart rate. After the episode subsides, the child continues to sleep. The frequency of episodes may gradually decrease with age. Symptoms It often occurs suddenly within 30 minutes to 2 hours after falling asleep. During an episode, the child appears extremely terrified, suddenly panicking and screaming, accompanied by corresponding expressions and actions, such as rapid breathing and increased heart rate. It generally lasts for a few minutes. If parents try to wake the child during an episode, they often initially show no response, and even if awakened, they appear confused. The next day, the child has no memory of the night terror episode. Causes The exact cause of night terrors is not yet clear, but it may be related to the following factors. Pathological factors Lack of vitamin D or trace elements such as calcium and zinc can lead to symptoms of night terrors in children. It may be related to certain cranial and cerebral diseases, neurological disorders, or mental illnesses. Physiological factors Immature development and regulatory function of the child's nervous system. Improper diet, such as overeating or hunger, or consumption of stimulating beverages like coffee, strong tea, or cola. Poor sleeping posture or physical discomfort. Psychological factors Excessive mental stress. Mental tension, excitement, or fright during the day. Children may fear sleep due to terrifying dreams, affecting their sleep state. Environmental factors Poor sleep environment, such as excessively bright lights, noisy surroundings, unsuitable temperature or humidity, or uncomfortable bedding.
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