Public condition directory
Browse public condition summaries from China medical resources by stable specialty category.
Hyperaldosteronism
Aldosteronism refers to a group of diseases characterized by increased aldosterone secretion, primarily causing hypertension. It can be classified into primary and secondary types based on the etiology.
View detailsImpaired glucose tolerance
Impaired glucose tolerance, also known as prediabetes, is a condition where blood glucose levels are between normal and diabetic hyperglycemia. This means a fasting blood glucose level of ≥6.1 mmol/L but <7.0 mmol/L, or a 2-hour postprandial blood glucose level of ≥7.8 mmol/L but <11.1 mmol/L. Compared to individuals with normal blood glucose, patients with impaired glucose tolerance have a significantly increased risk of developing diabetes.
View detailsIslet cell hyperplasia
Islet cell hyperplasia refers to the abnormal proliferation of pancreatic islet β-cells under the microscope, accompanied by excessive insulin secretion, leading to decreased blood glucose levels, corresponding symptoms, and damage to organ function or structure. According to the etiology, it can be divided into primary islet cell hyperplasia and secondary islet cell hyperplasia. This disease is very rare. Very few patients receive a definitive diagnosis, and in most cases, it is an incidental finding and diagnosis.
Drug-induced thyroiditis
Drug-induced thyroiditis refers to a condition where certain medications have a direct toxic effect on thyroid cells, leading to their destruction, or cause autoimmune disorders of the thyroid gland. Thyroid function may be normal or abnormal in these cases. Anyone who has used the relevant medications is at risk of developing this condition. This condition can generally be divided into three types: Destructive thyroiditis: This is caused by the direct destruction of thyroid cells by drugs. Autoimmune thyroiditis: This includes painless thyroiditis and Hashimoto's thyroiditis, both of which are caused by drug-induced autoimmune disorders of the thyroid gland.
View detailsHypernatremia
Hypernatremia is a pathological condition defined by a serum sodium concentration greater than 145 mmol/L. It can occur during the treatment of various diseases and significantly impacts the prognosis of critically ill patients. It is primarily caused by insufficient water intake or excessive water loss, with a small number of cases attributed to endocrine disorders. This condition is common in infants and the elderly, especially hospitalized patients. Early symptoms mainly include thirst, decreased urine output, and fatigue. In severe cases, mental status changes may occur.
View detailsHypopituitarism
Hypopituitarism is a group of disorders that can affect children and adults. It refers to a series of syndromes caused by partial or complete damage to the pituitary gland due to various reasons, such as pituitary tumors, infections, hemorrhage, or trauma (including surgery), resulting in insufficient secretion of one or more hormones, including growth hormone, gonadotropins, adrenocorticotropic hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, prolactin, or antidiuretic hormone. According to the affected site, hypopituitarism can be divided into: Anterior Pituitary Hypofunction: This condition refers to a decrease in one, multiple, or all hormones secreted by the pituitary gland, such as growth hormone, gonadotropins, adrenocorticotropic hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and prolactin, due to tumors, infections, or trauma. This subsequently leads to hypofunction of corresponding target organs, such as the thyroid gland, gonads, and adrenal glands. The manifestations of this condition are variable and non-specific, making it easily overlooked. Central Diabetes Insipidus: This condition refers to a disease caused by genetic factors, tumors, infections, or trauma, resulting in damage to the hypothalamus, pituitary stalk, or posterior pituitary, leading to impaired synthesis, transport, or secretion of antidiuretic hormone. This causes patients to experience a significant increase in urine output (often exceeding 2500 mL/24h).
View detailsHirsutism
Hirsutism refers to excessive hair growth in women due to elevated androgen levels or increased androgen sensitivity, with the latter being associated with genetics and age. Patients present with increased hair growth, acne, hair loss, and deepening of the voice. Hirsutism can occur in women of all ages, but is more common in women of reproductive age. Polycystic ovary syndrome is frequently observed in adolescent females, while tumors are a more common cause in women of reproductive age and around menopause.
View detailsGigantism
Gigantism is an endocrine disorder caused by excessive secretion of growth hormone, leading to metabolic disturbances. It is characterized by tall stature, rapid growth, and coarse facial features.
View detailsParathyroid hyperplasia
Parathyroid hyperplasia is one of the causes of hyperparathyroidism. Parathyroid hyperplasia secretes excessive parathyroid hormone, leading to the loss of calcium ions from bones into the blood and increased excretion of calcium ions by the kidneys, which can cause osteoporosis, bone pain, fractures, and kidney stones. Most patients are postmenopausal women and the elderly, while it is rare in children. The male-to-female ratio is 1:3.
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