Public condition directory
Browse public condition summaries from China medical resources by stable specialty category.
Chronic hepatitis
Hepatitis is a general term for liver inflammation caused by various pathogenic factors such as bacteria, viruses, parasites, alcohol, drugs, chemicals, and autoimmunity. Hepatitis that lasts for at least 6 months is called chronic hepatitis. Both children and adults can be affected, and viral hepatitis caused by viral infection is more common.
View detailsAlcoholic cirrhosis
Alcoholic cirrhosis refers to cirrhosis caused by long-term, excessive alcohol consumption. It progresses from alcoholic fatty liver disease to alcoholic cirrhosis. The main symptoms include abdominal pain, abdominal distension, and loss of appetite.
View detailsPrimary biliary cirrhosis
Primary biliary cirrhosis is a chronic, progressive cholestatic liver disease in adults, now known as primary biliary cholangitis. It predominantly affects middle-aged and older women. Key symptoms include fatigue, pruritus, and jaundice.
Esophageal varices
Esophageal varices refer to abnormally enlarged veins in the esophagus, usually caused by obstructed venous return. This condition typically does not cause any symptoms. However, when rupture and bleeding occur, symptoms such as hematemesis, black tarry stools or bloody stools, rapid heartbeat, cold and clammy skin, and dizziness may arise.
View detailsGastric varices
Gastric fundal varices, also known as esophagogastric fundal varices, are primarily caused by increased portal vein pressure in liver cirrhosis. Normally, blood from the gastric fundus returns to the liver through the portal vein. When portal vein pressure increases, it leads to the opening of small blood vessels in the gastric fundus and lower esophagus, causing retrograde blood flow, which manifests as dilated submucosal veins in the esophagus and gastric fundus. When gastric fundal varices rupture, the bleeding is massive, rapid, and life-threatening, with a high mortality rate.
View detailsAcute gastritis
Acute gastritis refers to acute inflammation and damage of the gastric mucosa caused by various factors. The main symptoms include abdominal pain, bloating, and loss of appetite. In severe cases, upper gastrointestinal bleeding manifestations such as hematemesis and melena may occur.
View detailsPeptic ulcer
Peptic ulcer, often mistakenly referred to as gastrointestinal ulcer, is a condition where the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract is digested by gastric acid or pepsin, leading to ulcer formation. Under the influence of various pathogenic factors, the mucous membrane undergoes inflammatory reactions, necrosis, and shedding, forming an ulcer that can extend to the muscularis mucosa or deeper layers. This disease can occur at any age and primarily manifests as abdominal pain and acid reflux.
View detailsChronic colitis
Chronic colitis is a general term for a group of diseases characterized by chronic inflammation of the colon caused by various factors, including bacterial, fungal, and viral infections, as well as genetic, immune, and radiation therapy factors. The disease primarily affects the colon but can also involve the rectum. It can occur at any age, but is relatively more common in young and middle-aged adults and the elderly. This disease is characterized by a long course, chronic recurrent episodes, and is primarily manifested by abdominal pain and diarrhea. There are several types of chronic colitis: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD): IBD is a chronic non-specific inflammatory bowel disease associated with immune factors and of unknown etiology. It includes ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, and indeterminate colitis, which cannot be definitively classified as either ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease. Chronic ischemic colitis: This is an inflammatory disease caused by insufficient blood supply to a segment of the colon, which is inadequate to maintain normal cellular metabolism, leading to colonic ischemia. Chronic radiation colitis: Chronic radiation colitis is an inflammatory disease resulting from radiation damage to the colon after pelvic malignant tumors have undergone radiation therapy.
View detailsColonic adenoma
Colonic adenoma is a benign tumor originating from the colorectal mucosa, forming a raised lesion that protrudes into the intestinal lumen. Colonic adenoma has a tendency to become malignant and is closely related to the occurrence of colorectal cancer, thus being considered a precancerous lesion. Most patients with this condition have no obvious symptoms, while some may experience abdominal discomfort, constipation, or diarrhea.
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