Public condition directory
Browse public condition summaries from China medical resources by stable specialty category.
Japanese encephalitis
Japanese encephalitis, or JE, is an acute infectious disease transmitted by mosquito bites. It is more common in summer and autumn, and mostly affects children, presenting with high fever, impaired consciousness, and convulsions.
View detailsVertebral artery stenosis
Vertebral artery stenosis is mostly caused by atherosclerosis, plaque formation, and other factors, leading to the narrowing or even occlusion of the vertebral artery lumen, resulting in insufficient blood supply to the corresponding brain regions. It is common in people with cardiovascular diseases and manifests as unsteady gait, dizziness, double vision, nausea, and vomiting.
View detailsCerebral venous sinus thrombosis
Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is a special type of cerebrovascular disease, accounting for less than 1% of all strokes. It is potentially fatal, and the thrombus can originate from any part of the intracranial venous system, extending to involve multiple sites and vessels. It is more common in children and young adults, with infections being a frequent cause of lateral and cavernous sinus thrombosis in pediatric patients. Based on the nature of the lesion, CVST can be divided into inflammatory and non-inflammatory types. In inflammatory CVST, the cavernous sinus and transverse sinus are the most commonly affected sites. In non-inflammatory CVST, the superior sagittal sinus is most frequently involved.
Occipital neuralgia
Occipital neuralgia is a general term for pain in the distribution area of the greater occipital, lesser occipital, and great auricular nerves. Occipital neuralgia can cause severe pain, presenting as sharp, stabbing, and electric shock-like pain in the head and back of the neck. Its causes include pressure, irritation, trauma, muscle tension compressing nerves, and inflammation.
View detailsCerebral white matter demyelination
Cerebral white matter demyelination is a pathological change characterized by demyelination in the cerebral white matter. The brain parenchyma consists of gray matter and white matter. Cerebral gray matter is composed of nerve cells, while cerebral white matter is primarily composed of nerve fibers. The central nervous system contains two main types of fibers: myelinated fibers and unmyelinated nerve fibers. Myelin is a complex cell membrane that helps in the transmission of nerve impulses. This disease can manifest as cognitive decline, memory impairment, depression, dementia, and gait instability.
View detailsDiabetic neuropathy
Diabetic neuropathy is a condition that occurs when poorly controlled blood sugar levels, which are often higher than normal in diabetic patients, damage nerves throughout the body over time. Common types of diabetic neuropathy include: Peripheral neuropathy: Refers to damage to the peripheral nerves. Autonomic neuropathy: Refers to damage to the autonomic nerves. Focal neuropathy: Affects only one nerve.
View detailsAcute disseminated encephalomyelitis
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), also known as post-infectious encephalomyelitis or post-vaccination encephalomyelitis, is a demyelinating disease within the central nervous system caused by immune dysfunction following acute exanthematous diseases such as measles, rubella, varicella, or smallpox, or after immunization. Viral infection or immunization typically serves as the direct cause or precipitating factor for this condition.
View detailsPolyneuropathy
Polyneuropathy, also known as multiple peripheral neuritis, is a general term for multiple peripheral nerve damage caused by various factors such as poisoning, nutritional metabolic disorders, infection, allergy, and hypersensitivity. Clinically, it is mainly characterized by symmetrical sensory, motor, and autonomic dysfunction in the distal extremities. The incidence rate is about 1%, which can be as high as 7% in older adults, and it is more common in women.
View detailsChorea
Chorea is a movement disorder characterized by involuntary, dance-like movements throughout the body. In children, chorea is most commonly seen as Sydenham's chorea, a common neurological manifestation of rheumatic fever. In adults, Huntington's disease is the most common cause of chorea and is one of the earliest discovered monogenic genetic diseases in humans. Sydenham's chorea typically occurs between 5 and 15 years of age, rarely after 18 years, and is more common in females. Huntington's disease commonly manifests between 30 and 40 years of age, but can also occur in children and the elderly.
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