Disease Database - Page 266

Internal MedicineCardiovascular Medicine

Right bundle branch block

Right bundle branch block refers to the obstruction of cardiac impulse conduction to the right ventricle (via the right bundle branch). It is often secondary to other heart diseases and usually presents without clinical symptoms. Isolated right bundle branch block itself does not require specific treatment. The main focus of treatment is on the underlying heart disease. This condition can occur at any age, but the risk of onset increases with age.

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Internal MedicineCardiovascular Medicine

Dextrocardia

Dextrocardia refers to a condition where the main part of the heart is located in the right side of the chest cavity, primarily caused by congenital developmental abnormalities. Dextrocardia can be classified into the following types: Situs inversus totalis with dextrocardia (mirror-image dextrocardia or true dextrocardia): The right atrium, liver, and gallbladder are located to the left of the spine, while the left atrium, spleen, and gastric bubble are located to the right. The left lung has three lobes, and the right lung has two lobes. The morphology of the left and right bronchi is also reversed, resembling a mirror image of a normal person. This type of dextrocardia is the most common. Dextroversion: The heart is in the right chest cavity, while the positions of other organs are normal. Isolated dextrocardia: This is a relatively special type without situs inversus. However, the right atrium is located to the left of the spine, similar to mirror-image dextrocardia. The hepatic segment of the inferior vena cava suddenly turns from the right side of the spine to the left side, entering the right atrium. Dextroposition: This is secondary to thoracic diseases, leading to the heart shifting to the right. Also known as pseudo-dextrocardia, it is not accompanied by visceral transposition. Only the heart is located on the right side of the chest cavity, and the anatomical positions of the left and right heart chambers remain unchanged. Dextroversion and isolated dextrocardia are often accompanied by cardiac malformations, mostly complex ones. If dextrocardia is not accompanied by other cardiovascular malformations, there are generally no uncomfortable symptoms. If it is accompanied by congenital cardiovascular malformations such as atrial septal defect or ventricular septal defect, corresponding symptoms such as chest tightness, shortness of breath, and cyanosis may occur.

Internal MedicineCardiovascular Medicine

Right heart failure

Right heart failure refers to a clinical syndrome caused by right ventricular systolic and/or diastolic dysfunction due to any cause, which is insufficient to provide the cardiac output required by the body. It is mainly characterized by systemic symptoms of systemic congestion, such as abdominal distension, abdominal pain, poor appetite, nausea, vomiting, decreased urine output, dyspnea, and edema.

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Internal MedicineCardiovascular Medicine

Pediatric ventricular tachycardia

Pediatric ventricular tachycardia refers to a rapid arrhythmia (heart rate greater than 150 beats per minute during an episode) that originates below the His bundle (a structure in the heart) and its branches. It is a serious arrhythmia that can lead to sudden cardiac death. Common symptoms include increased heart rate, as well as dizziness, palpitations, and chest tightness.

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Internal MedicineCardiovascular Medicine

Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia in children

Pediatric paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) refers to a specific type of arrhythmia that occurs in children. The heart is divided into atria and ventricles. PSVT is a tachycardia (heart rate greater than 150 beats/min) that originates in the atria or atrioventricular junctional area. The incidence of this condition is approximately 1/25,000. It is more common in infants, especially male infants under 4 months of age.

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Internal MedicineCardiovascular Medicine

Cardiac edema

Cardiac edema is a type of body edema caused by cardiac dysfunction and is one of the common manifestations of heart disease. Common diseases that cause cardiac edema include congestive heart failure, valvular heart disease, acute or chronic pericarditis, constrictive pericarditis, restrictive cardiomyopathy, acute or chronic pulmonary vascular disease, and cor pulmonale. Edema generally starts in the dependent parts of the body and gradually develops into generalized edema. Pitting edema of the lower extremities usually appears first, with the ankles being the most prominent.

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Internal MedicineCardiovascular Medicine

Cardiogenic syncope

Cardiogenic syncope refers to syncope caused by heart disease, often serving as a precursor or component of sudden death. It is characterized by poor self-limitation and difficulty in spontaneous recovery. Cardiogenic syncope can lead to Adams-Stokes syndrome (i.e., cardiogenic cerebral ischemia syndrome) and, in severe cases, can result in patient death.

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Internal MedicineCardiovascular Medicine

Cardiac arrest

Cardiac arrest refers to the sudden cessation of the heart's pumping function due to various causes, followed by coma, absence of pulse, and cessation of breathing. Cardiac arrest can occur in anyone, but individuals aged 35-45 with pre-existing structural heart problems are at high risk, and it is more common in men than in women.

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Internal MedicineCardiovascular Medicine

Constrictive pericarditis

Constrictive pericarditis results from pericardial scarring and the subsequent loss of normal elasticity of the pericardial sac. It manifests as restricted cardiac contraction and relaxation, impaired heart function, and systemic circulatory disturbances, representing a chronic disease.

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