Public condition directory
Browse public condition summaries from China medical resources by stable specialty category.
Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy
Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) refers to brain damage caused by perinatal asphyxia (generally from the 28th week of gestation to 7 days after birth), manifesting as a series of encephalopathy symptoms. Some affected children may experience varying degrees of neurological sequelae.
View detailsExtrapyramidal diseases
Extrapyramidal diseases, also known as movement disorders, refer to impaired regulation of body movements during voluntary actions. They primarily manifest in two ways: one is hypokinesia due to increased muscle tone, characterized by poverty of movement (e.g., Parkinson's disease); the other is hyperkinesia due to decreased muscle tone (e.g., chorea). Symptoms vary among patients with different etiologies. For conditions primarily characterized by hypokinesia, the most common symptoms are limb tremor, limb rigidity, and abnormal gait. For conditions primarily characterized by hyperkinesia, the most common symptoms are dance-like involuntary movements and decreased muscle tone.
View detailsCerebral palsy in children
Cerebral palsy in children refers to functional impairments caused by brain damage during brain development from before birth to one month after birth. It is primarily characterized by abnormalities in movement and posture, and may also be accompanied by intellectual disability, epilepsy, sensory and perceptual disorders, language disorders, and mental and behavioral abnormalities.
Developmental delay
Developmental delay refers to a phenomenon where the speed of growth and development slows down or stops, falling below the developmental level of normal children of the same age. It generally specifically refers to children under 6 years old who exhibit two or more significant delays in developmental domains such as gross/fine motor skills, language, cognition, social/personal skills, and activities of daily living.
View detailsCongenital malformations of female genitalia
Female genital congenital malformations refer to congenital deformities of the female reproductive organs, which commonly include: Uterine developmental malformations: uterus didelphys, rudimentary horn uterus, septate uterus, congenital absence of the uterus, etc. Vulvovaginal developmental malformations: imperforate hymen, congenital absence of the vagina, transverse vaginal septum, longitudinal vaginal septum, oblique vaginal septum, double vagina, etc.
View detailsCongenital adrenal hyperplasia
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a relatively common autosomal recessive genetic disorder caused by congenital defects in enzymes required for corticosteroid synthesis. Due to the defect in corticosteroid synthesis, the body's endocrine regulatory center secretes excessive adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) to increase the levels of these hormones. This leads to adrenal cortical hyperplasia and the secretion of excessive cortisol precursors, such as 11-deoxycortisol and adrenal androgens, resulting in a series of clinical symptoms. This disease is a class of disorders, including 21-hydroxylase deficiency, 11β-hydroxylase deficiency, 17-hydroxylase deficiency, 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency, corticosterone methyl oxidase deficiency, and congenital lipoid adrenal hyperplasia.
View detailsPediatric urinary tract infection
Urinary tract infection (UTI) refers to the direct invasion of the urinary tract by pathogens, which then grow and multiply in the urine, damaging the urinary tract mucosa and tissues. In children, infections are rarely confined to a specific part of the urinary tract, and precise localization is often difficult. Therefore, they are commonly referred to as urinary tract infections. Clinically, UTIs can be classified into symptomatic UTIs and asymptomatic bacteriuria, depending on the presence of symptoms. The onset age is typically between 2 and 5 years. Asymptomatic bacteriuria is more common in school-aged girls. Clinical symptoms are often atypical and may include fever, dysuria, frequent urination, urgency, and abdominal pain, among other urinary system symptoms.
View detailsHermaphroditism
Hermaphroditism, also known as disorders of sex development (DSD), refers to a condition where the reproductive organs exhibit characteristics of both sexes. It is a type of congenital malformation of the reproductive organs.
View detailsDiaphragmatic hernia
Diaphragmatic hernia is a type of internal hernia, where abdominal or retroperitoneal organs or tissues protrude into the thoracic cavity through a congenital or acquired defect (such as a traumatic tear) in the diaphragm, forming a diaphragmatic hernia. Esophageal hiatus hernia is the most common, followed by traumatic and congenital diaphragmatic hernias. The symptoms of this disease are often atypical, leading to delayed diagnosis of late-onset diaphragmatic hernias. Furthermore, the herniated organs can become strangulated or even necrotic, which can increase mortality.
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