Public condition directory
Browse public condition summaries from China medical resources by stable specialty category.
Tracheal stenosis
Tracheal stenosis is a disease characterized by dyspnea caused by tracheal cartilage framework deformity, collapse, or defect, tracheal mucosal scar formation, or submucosal tissue hyperplasia due to various reasons. Common manifestations of this disease include dyspnea, cough, hemoptysis, and stridor.
View detailsAtrial septal defect
Atrial septal defect (ASD) refers to a condition where a portion of the septum between the right and left atria of the heart fails to close completely during fetal development. ASD accounts for approximately 10% of all congenital heart diseases, ranking as the second most common congenital heart disease in children. It accounts for 20% to 30% of congenital heart diseases in adults, making it the most common congenital heart disease in adults. It is more prevalent in females than males. Common Questions Q: Does atrial septal defect affect pregnancy? A: The impact of atrial septal defect on pregnancy varies depending on the specific condition of the pregnant woman. Although cardiac load increases during pregnancy, young pregnant women with simple defects can tolerate pregnancy, even multiple pregnancies, without significant adverse outcomes. However, if there is a history of certain arrhythmias or heart failure, the risk of pregnancy increases, requiring close monitoring. There is a higher risk of specific venous embolisms and abnormal blood shunting during delivery compared to the general population. If there is coexisting significant pulmonary vascular disease, the risk of maternal and fetal mortality is high, and pregnancy should be avoided in such cases.
Ventricular septal defect
The septum between the left and right ventricles of the heart is called the ventricular septum. An intact ventricular septum prevents blood flow between the left and right ventricles. Ventricular septal defect (VSD) is a condition where there is a hole in the ventricular septum, causing blood from the left and right ventricles to mix, leading to a series of problems. It is the most common congenital heart disease. The symptoms of VSD vary. If the defect is small, there are usually no obvious symptoms. If the defect is large, it can manifest as shortness of breath and fatigue after activity, and in severe cases, it can lead to growth and developmental delays.
View detailsHiatal hernia
The diaphragm, a flat muscle, separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities. The esophagus passes through an opening in the diaphragm, called the esophageal hiatus, to enter the abdominal cavity. A hiatal hernia occurs when organs normally located in the abdominal cavity (primarily the stomach) protrude into the thoracic cavity through an enlarged esophageal hiatus. This condition is common in individuals over 50 years old, with a higher incidence in women and obese individuals. The main symptoms include heartburn and acid reflux, with severe cases experiencing dysphagia.
View detailsIntellectual disability
Intellectual disability refers to a condition in children caused by congenital or acquired factors, resulting in significantly lower intellectual functioning compared to their peers. It involves impaired overall intellectual abilities (including cognition, language, motor skills, and social interaction) and reduced adaptive capacity to the external environment. In adults, it refers to a comprehensive manifestation of impaired intellect, memory, and personality due to brain organ lesions.
View detailsMeningitis
Meningitis is a group of acute inflammatory diseases of the meninges caused by various infections. The two more common types are: Viral meningitis Bacterial meningitis: This includes purulent meningitis, tuberculous meningitis, and cryptococcal meningitis. This disease is more common in infants and children. Key symptoms include fever, headache, nausea, vomiting, and neck stiffness.
View detailsMiscarriage
In China, the termination of pregnancy before 28 weeks of gestation, with a fetal weight of less than 1,000 grams, is defined as abortion. According to the different stages of occurrence, it can be divided into: Early abortion: Occurs before 12 weeks of gestation. Late abortion: Occurs after 12 weeks of gestation. According to the different causes of occurrence, it can be divided into: Spontaneous abortion: The embryo or fetus develops in the uterus for too short a time to continue the pregnancy. Induced abortion: Termination of pregnancy by artificial means due to unintended pregnancy or medical reasons. Typically, after embryo implantation, about 3/10 of pregnancies result in spontaneous abortion, with the vast majority (about 80%) being early abortions. Among early abortions, more than half are cryptic abortions, meaning they occur before the menstrual period. The main symptoms are vaginal bleeding and abdominal pain.
View detailsMorning sickness
Morning sickness refers to a series of symptoms that occur in early pregnancy (usually around 6-12 weeks after the last menstrual period) due to a rapid increase in gonadotropins (mainly human chorionic gonadotropin, HCG), increased brain excitability, and psychological factors. The main manifestations of morning sickness include loss of appetite, nausea, morning vomiting, craving for sour foods, fatigue, and dizziness. These symptoms generally do not require special treatment and usually lessen or disappear naturally after 12 weeks of pregnancy as HCG levels in the body decrease.
View detailsThreatened abortion
Threatened miscarriage refers to vaginal bleeding, which may be accompanied by paroxysmal abdominal pain, occurring within 28 weeks of pregnancy. However, the cervix is not dilated, the membranes are intact, the uterine size is consistent with the gestational age, and there is no expulsion of gestational tissue. Threatened miscarriage is the earliest stage of spontaneous miscarriage, with the main symptoms being vaginal bleeding and abdominal pain.
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