Public condition directory

Internal Medicine

Browse public condition summaries from China medical resources by stable specialty category.

714 conditionsPage 36 of 80

Internal MedicineGastroenterology

Corrosive injury of esophagus

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Internal MedicineGastroenterology

Peroral endoscopic myotomy

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Internal MedicineGastroenterology

Occult blood in stool

Fecal occult blood refers to bleeding in the digestive tract that is not visible to the naked eye in the stool due to the small amount of blood. The fecal occult blood test can be used to detect the presence of blood in bowel movements or stool. Normal individuals do not have fecal occult blood. A positive fecal occult blood test may indicate problems in the digestive system, such as colon or rectal hyperplasia, polyps, or cancer.

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Colonoscopy

Colonoscopy, or electronic fiber colonoscopy, is a method of examining the inside of the lower digestive tract. A thin, flexible tube with a video camera at the tip is inserted through the anus, advanced retrograde into the rectum, and then upward to the terminal ileum. During the examination, the doctor can clearly visualize the internal conditions of the anal canal, rectum, sigmoid colon, colon, ileocecal region, and terminal ileum, identify abnormal mucosal manifestations, and record images of various areas according to standard operating procedures. If necessary, a tissue sample can also be taken for pathological examination to determine the nature of the lesion. Indications The following individuals require a colonoscopy: Unexplained lower gastrointestinal bleeding, chronic diarrhea, abnormal bowel movements, or low intestinal obstruction. Abnormal barium enema findings or unclear nature of lesions found during sigmoidoscopy. Abdominal masses requiring exclusion of large bowel or terminal ileum diseases. Colonic polyps, tumors with bleeding, or other lesions requiring endoscopic treatment. Patients who have undergone colon surgery or colonoscopic treatment and require regular follow-up colonoscopies. Screening for large bowel diseases. Differences between Painless Colonoscopy and Conventional Colonoscopy Painless Colonoscopy During the examination, the patient is sedated and analgesized intravenously, losing consciousness and entering a state of general anesthesia before the procedure. The advantage is that the patient experiences no discomfort and has good comfort. The disadvantages are the need for general anesthesia, which carries higher anesthetic risks for some patients with poor cardiopulmonary function, those with coughing and purulent sputum, and other special conditions, and the cost is higher. Conventional Colonoscopy No anesthesia is administered during the examination. The advantages are lower cost and no anesthesia-related risks. The disadvantages are discomfort during insertion, which can easily cause intestinal spasms and pain. Patients who cannot tolerate it often lead to examination failure.

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Gastroscopy

Gastroscopy, fully known as "electronic fiber gastro-duodenoscope," is a diagnostic procedure used to examine diseases within the upper gastrointestinal tract (including the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum). During a gastroscopy, a doctor inserts a thin, flexible tube with a video camera at its tip through the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, and stomach, ultimately reaching the duodenum. Throughout this process, the internal lining of the upper gastrointestinal tract is visually inspected for any abnormalities or lesions. If necessary, the doctor can also directly take tissue samples from abnormal areas for pathological examination to determine the nature of the lesion. Indications Gastroscopy is recommended for the following individuals: Those with upper gastrointestinal symptoms, including epigastric discomfort, bloating, pain, heartburn and acid reflux, dysphagia, globus sensation, belching, hiccups, and unexplained loss of appetite, weight loss, anemia, etc. Those whose upper gastrointestinal barium meal examination cannot confirm the lesion or whose symptoms are inconsistent with the barium meal results. Those with unexplained acute or chronic upper gastrointestinal bleeding; the former may undergo emergency gastroscopy to determine the cause and perform hemostatic treatment. Those with lesions requiring follow-up, such as peptic ulcers, atrophic gastritis, precancerous lesions, or symptoms after gastric surgery. Screening for high-risk populations (areas with high incidence of esophageal cancer and gastric cancer). Those suitable for endoscopic treatment, such as gastric foreign bodies, gastric polyps, and esophageal and cardia strictures. Differences between Painless Gastroscopy and Conventional Gastroscopy Painless Gastroscopy Requires the involvement of an anesthesiologist. The patient is sedated and analgesized intravenously, losing consciousness and entering a state of general anesthesia before the examination. Anesthesia can prevent the gag reflex and reduce discomfort for the patient, allowing the doctor to complete the examination smoothly and calmly. The patient typically regains consciousness within 3 to 5 minutes after the examination. The disadvantages include higher cost and the various risks associated with general anesthesia. Conventional Gastroscopy No general anesthesia is administered during the examination; only topical anesthesia is applied to the pharynx to reduce the gag reflex, but it does not completely eliminate it.

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Internal Medicine

Corrosive injury of esophagus

Peroral endoscopic myotomy

Occult blood in stool

Helicobacter pylori test

Colonoscopy

Gastroscopy

Hepatic encephalopathy

Familial adenomatous polyposis

Alcoholic fatty liver