Public condition directory
Browse public condition summaries from China medical resources by stable specialty category.
Myocardial infarction
Myocardial infarction refers to a severe form of coronary heart disease caused by acute blockage of the coronary arteries (arteries that supply blood to the heart), leading to ischemic necrosis of a portion of the myocardium. It is common in the elderly and manifests as very severe chest pain.
View detailsPulmonary embolism
Pulmonary embolism refers to a group of diseases in which the large blood vessels or branches of the lungs are blocked by various emboli. The most common emboli are thrombi from the venous system or the right heart system. In a few cases, pulmonary embolism may be caused by other substances, such as tumor emboli, gas, fat, or amniotic fluid. The most common symptoms of pulmonary embolism include sudden shortness of breath, sharp chest pain, coughing, and hemoptysis. In severe cases, it can be life-threatening.
View detailsValvular heart disease
Heart valves are structures within the heart that act as one-way valves, ensuring that blood flows in the correct direction and does not regurgitate when the heart contracts. The heart valves include the mitral valve, tricuspid valve, pulmonary valve, and aortic valve. Valvular heart disease refers to various pathologies affecting the heart valves, common examples of which include mitral stenosis, mitral regurgitation, aortic stenosis, and aortic regurgitation.
Rheumatic heart disease
Rheumatic heart disease generally refers to heart valve damage caused by severe or recurrent attacks of rheumatic fever, manifesting as stenosis and/or insufficiency of one or more valves among the mitral, tricuspid, aortic, and pulmonary valves. In addition, rheumatic fever can also cause myocarditis or pericarditis. The coexistence of these three conditions is called pancarditis. However, because heart valve disease is the most common, rheumatic heart disease usually refers to rheumatic valvular heart disease. This disease can occur at any age, but it is most common in children aged 6 to 15. The main symptoms include palpitations, shortness of breath, fatigue, cough, dyspnea, edema, and pink frothy sputum.
View detailsHyperlipidemia
Hyperlipidemia, also known as high blood lipids, typically refers to elevated levels of cholesterol and triglycerides in the serum. This condition is prevalent among individuals who consume alcohol, smoke, are obese, or have diabetes. Generally, there are no obvious clinical symptoms, and it is often discovered during a physical examination or when seeking treatment for other diseases.
View detailsCardiomyopathy
Cardiomyopathy is a myocardial disease caused by various etiologies (genetic causes being the most common). This disease is organic, involving abnormal cardiac mechanical activity and/or electrical dysfunction. Pathologically, it manifests as inappropriate ventricular dilation or hypertrophy, affecting the heart's systolic or diastolic function, and can ultimately lead to severe heart failure, atrial or ventricular arrhythmias, or embolism. Primary cardiomyopathy is divided into four categories: dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, restrictive cardiomyopathy, and arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. A portion of each category is hereditary. Additionally, there are some unclassifiable cardiomyopathies of unknown cause, such as left ventricular non-compaction. Secondary cardiomyopathy refers to cardiomyopathy that is part of a systemic disease, meaning myocardial disease caused by known reasons or occurring in other diseases, also known as specific cardiomyopathy.
View detailsMyocarditis
Myocarditis, also known as inflammatory cardiomyopathy, is a disease in which inflammation of the heart muscle causes impaired cardiac contraction and relaxation. Infectious factors such as viruses, bacteria, rickettsiae, and parasites are the main causes of myocarditis. Certain physicochemical factors and autoimmune diseases can also lead to myocarditis. Viral myocarditis is relatively common. It can occur in people of all ages, from infants to the elderly. It is more common in children and young adults under 40, with a slightly higher incidence in males than in females. This disease is highly dangerous, and severe cases can manifest as fulminant myocarditis, which can lead to sudden death.
View detailsParoxysmal supraventricular tachycardia
Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) is a common type of tachycardia, a rapid and regular arrhythmia caused by abnormal electrical signal conduction in the heart. It is characterized by sudden onset and sudden termination, lasting from several minutes to several hours each time, and can resolve spontaneously.
View detailsHeart failure
Heart failure, or HF, refers to the abnormal changes in the heart's pumping function due to various pathogenic factors, leading to an absolute decrease or relative insufficiency of cardiac output, which fails to meet the metabolic needs of the body's tissues and cells. It is more common in people over 70 years old and can manifest as shortness of breath, fatigue, palpitations, and lower limb edema.
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