Public condition directory

Internal Medicine

Browse public condition summaries from China medical resources by stable specialty category.

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Internal MedicineCardiovascular Medicine

Atrial fibrillation

Atrial fibrillation (AF), often abbreviated as AFib, is a common type of arrhythmia characterized by the loss of regular and organized atrial electrical activity, replaced by rapid and chaotic fibrillatory waves. It represents a severe disturbance of atrial electrical activity, predominantly affecting older adults, and typically manifests as an irregular and rapid heart rate. It can be primarily categorized into the following types: First-diagnosed AF: This refers to AF detected for the first time, regardless of other characteristics, and can be any of the subsequent four types. Paroxysmal AF: AF that lasts for ≤ 7 days (typically ≤ 48 hours) and terminates spontaneously or after treatment. Persistent AF: AF that lasts for > 7 days and terminates after treatment. Long-standing persistent AF: AF that has lasted for ≥ 1 year, where the patient desires to restore normal heart rhythm and undergoes appropriate treatment to achieve sinus rhythm. Permanent AF: AF that has lasted for > 1 year. It cannot be terminated or recurs after termination, and both the physician and patient decide to abandon attempts to restore sinus rhythm.

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Internal MedicineCardiovascular Medicine

Arrhythmia

Arrhythmia refers to a general term for symptoms such as irregular, fast, or slow heartbeats caused by abnormalities in the heart's electrical conduction system. Common arrhythmias include sinus bradycardia, sinus tachycardia, premature beats, supraventricular tachycardia, and ventricular tachycardia (ventricular flutter, ventricular fibrillation). Arrhythmias are common in the elderly, and their causes are complex and diverse. Organic heart disease, endocrine disorders, electrolyte imbalances, and drug poisoning are the main causes of arrhythmias. Mild arrhythmias generally have no obvious symptoms, while severe cases may experience palpitations, chest tightness, sweating, and fatigue. Critically ill patients may experience syncope or even sudden death.

Hypertension

Hypertension is a condition where blood pressure in the arteries is abnormally elevated and exceeds the upper limit of the normal range. Data shows that the prevalence of hypertension among adults in China was 27.9% from 2012 to 2015, meaning approximately 1 in 3 adults had hypertension, and the prevalence trend is generally increasing. The "Chinese Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Hypertension (2018 Revised Edition)" defines hypertension as: in the absence of antihypertensive medication, three non-consecutive days of office blood pressure readings (measured by a doctor in a hospital clinic using professional methods) are all above normal, i.e., systolic blood pressure (also known as high pressure) is greater than or equal to 140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure (also known as low pressure) is greater than or equal to 90 mmHg. Based on the degree of blood pressure elevation, hypertension can be divided into 3 grades. The higher the grade, the more dangerous the hypertension. Mild (Grade 1 hypertension): Systolic blood pressure 140-159 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure 90-99 mmHg. Moderate (Grade 2 hypertension): Systolic blood pressure 160-179 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure 100-110 mmHg. Severe (Grade 3 hypertension): Systolic blood pressure exceeding 180 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure exceeding 110 mmHg. Based on different etiologies, hypertension can be divided into primary hypertension and secondary hypertension. Primary hypertension (essential hypertension): The specific cause is unknown. Most individuals with elevated blood pressure have primary hypertension, and generally require lifelong medication to control blood pressure. Secondary hypertension: Has a clear etiology, such as kidney disease, renal artery stenosis, pheochromocytoma, primary aldosteronism, Cushing's syndrome, obstructive sleep apnea, use of certain medications, coarctation of the aorta, etc. After removing these causes, blood pressure may improve or even return to normal completely.

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Internal Medicine

Atrial fibrillation

Arrhythmia

Hypertension

Coronary heart disease

Spasmodic torticollis

Allergic rhinitis

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Thrombocytopenia

Thrombocytopenic purpura