Obstetrics and Gynecology - Page 17

Obstetrics and GynecologyGynecology

Cervical precancerous lesions

Cervical precancerous lesions refer to abnormal proliferative lesions of the cervix that have a tendency to become cancerous but cannot be diagnosed as carcinoma in situ. They represent a transitional period in the development of cervical cancer, possessing the potential to evolve into malignant tumors, and prolonged existence may lead to transformation into cancer. This condition is common in young women. This condition typically presents with no obvious symptoms, though there may occasionally be increased vaginal discharge, post-coital bleeding, or blood-tinged leucorrhea. Common Questions Q: Are cervical precancerous lesions cancer? A: Cervical precancerous lesions are not cancer. The development of cervical cancer is a relatively long process, requiring several years or even decades of evolution. The process involves tissue lesions → cervical precancerous lesions → cervical cancer. However, this evolution represents the worst-case scenario, and the occurrence of cervical precancerous lesions does not mean that 100% of the uterus will develop cervical cancer. During this period, timely and effective treatment for cervical precancerous lesions, such as cold knife conization, LEEP procedure, or total hysterectomy, can effectively prevent the progression of cervical precancerous lesions to cervical cancer.

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Obstetrics and GynecologyGynecology

Infertility

Infertility may be diagnosed if a couple has regular, unprotected sexual intercourse for more than one year and still fails to conceive. The causes of infertility can be complex and diverse, potentially stemming from issues in the reproductive system or hormone levels of either partner. When the cause lies with the female, it is termed female infertility; when it lies with the male, it is termed male infertility. Currently, the incidence of infertility in China is 6% to 15%, meaning approximately 1 in 10 couples may experience infertility. This proportion is likely to continue to increase as more people choose to marry and have children later in life.

Obstetrics and GynecologyGynecology

Endometrial polyp

Endometrial polyps are outgrowths of endometrial tissue that protrude into the uterine cavity, appearing as single or multiple polypoid lesions. This condition is more common in women over 35 years of age. Solitary endometrial polyps (a single polyp) are often asymptomatic, while multiple or diffuse polyps (multiple polyps) are frequently associated with symptoms such as menorrhagia, prolonged menstruation, or irregular vaginal bleeding.

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Obstetrics and GynecologyGynecology

Adenomyosis

Adenomyosis is a common gynecological disease characterized by the invasion of endometrial glands and stroma into the myometrium, maintaining cyclical proliferation, shedding, and bleeding. This leads to abnormal menstrual cycles and can even cause infertility. (A normal uterus is divided into three layers from inside to outside: the endometrium, myometrium, and serosa, with the endometrium undergoing cyclical shedding during the menstrual cycle.) This condition is more common in multiparous women over 40 years old, but there has been a trend of younger onset in recent years. The main symptoms include prolonged menstruation, increased menstrual blood loss, lower abdominal pain, a feeling of heaviness, accompanied by lower back pain or other discomfort before, during, or after menstruation.

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Obstetrics and GynecologyGynecology

Gynecological inflammation

A public condition summary is being prepared.

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Obstetrics and GynecologyGynecology

Endometriosis

Endometriosis is a condition caused by the growth of endometrial tissue outside its normal location. This condition commonly affects women of reproductive age. The main symptoms include dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, abnormal menstruation, and infertility.

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Obstetrics and GynecologyGynecology

Vaginitis

Vaginitis refers to inflammation of the vaginal mucosa caused by various reasons (infectious or non-infectious). The main symptoms include abnormal vaginal discharge, vaginal itching, or burning sensation.

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Obstetrics and GynecologyGynecology

Cervicitis

Cervicitis is an inflammation of the cervix, which is the lower part of the uterus that opens into the vagina. It commonly affects women of childbearing age. Most cases are asymptomatic, but some individuals may experience increased vaginal discharge or post-coital bleeding.

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Obstetrics and GynecologyGynecology

Ovarian cyst

Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs that develop on or within the ovaries. They are very common, predominantly affecting women aged 20-50, and can occur in one or both ovaries. Both benign and malignant ovarian cysts exist. The vast majority do not pose a threat to human health. However, some ovarian cysts, especially when ruptured, can cause more severe symptoms. Small ovarian cysts are usually asymptomatic. Larger ovarian cysts may be palpable as a mass in the abdomen or cause pressure symptoms such as frequent urination, constipation, palpitations, and shortness of breath.

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