Public condition directory
Browse public condition summaries from China medical resources by stable specialty category.
Microcephaly
Microcephaly is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder caused by autosomal chromosomal aberrations or fetal exposure to radiation, especially in early pregnancy, or intrauterine infection. Mildly affected children may only present with a smaller head, while severely affected children may exhibit delayed physical and intellectual development.
View detailsCongenital hydrocephalus
Congenital hydrocephalus, also known as infantile hydrocephalus, refers to the accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the cerebral ventricles due to congenital factors leading to excessive CSF secretion, obstructed circulation, or impaired absorption. The main symptoms of this condition include sunset eyes, enlarged head circumference and anterior fontanelle, headache, and vomiting.
View detailsPinealoma
The pineal gland is an endocrine gland located within the brain, possessing endocrine functions. Pineal tumors refer to a series of pathological changes caused by increased secretion of gonadotropins and sex hormones due to pineal tumors (the secretory function of the pineal gland has an antagonistic effect on the anterior pituitary). They account for less than 1% of intracranial tumors and are more common in boys. Clinical manifestations include headache, vomiting, papilledema, altered mental status, ocular movement disorders, decreased vision, and precocious puberty.
Sturge-Weber syndrome
Sturge-Weber syndrome, also known as encephalotrigeminal angiomatosis, is a rare congenital neurocutaneous syndrome involving vascular malformations of the skin, eyes, and brain. It is primarily characterized by angiomas affecting the leptomeninges, the facial area innervated by the trigeminal nerve, and the choroid of the eye. Onset typically occurs during infancy or early childhood, presenting with neurological and ocular symptoms.
View detailsEncephalocele
Encephalocele is a congenital skull defect where part of the central nervous system herniates outside the skull through this defect. It is one of the neural tube defects and is considered a severe malformation. Males are more prone to anterior encephaloceles, while females are more commonly affected by posterior encephaloceles. The main symptom is a round or oval cystic bulging mass.
View detailsCraniocervical junction malformation
Craniocervical malformation refers to deformities of the skull base, foramen magnum, and upper cervical spine, with or without neurological damage. These include basilar invagination, platybasia, Chiari malformation, myelomeningocele, syringomyelia, and spina bifida. The first three are more common. Multiple malformations often occur concurrently. The main symptoms include varying degrees of spinal cord damage, brainstem and cranial nerve dysfunction, vascular symptoms, and head and neck symptoms.
View detailsCranioschisis
Cranioschisis refers to a congenital defect in the skull due to incomplete closure. Cranioschisis commonly occurs in the midline, predominantly in the occipital region and nasal root, with a few cases occurring in the frontal, parietal, or temporal regions. It can be classified into two types: overt cranioschisis and occult cranioschisis. Overt cranioschisis is associated with meningocele, meningoencephalocele, or hydrocephalic meningocele. Occult cranioschisis only presents as incomplete skull closure without protrusion of soft tissues such as meninges, and is relatively rare.
View detailsCommunicating hydrocephalus
Hydrocephalus is a relatively common intracranial disease and the most common disease in pediatric neurosurgery. According to cerebrospinal fluid dynamics, it can be classified into obstructive hydrocephalus and communicating hydrocephalus. Communicating hydrocephalus is characterized by lesions outside the ventricles, caused by obstruction of the cerebrospinal fluid circulation pathway outside the ventricles or impaired absorption. It can also be caused by excessive production of cerebrospinal fluid, such as in papilloma. Communicating hydrocephalus is common in infants under 6 months of age.
View detailsObstructive hydrocephalus
Hydrocephalus is a relatively common craniocerebral disease. According to cerebrospinal fluid dynamics, it can be classified into obstructive hydrocephalus and communicating hydrocephalus. Obstructive hydrocephalus, also known as non-communicating hydrocephalus, is caused by obstruction of cerebrospinal fluid circulation within or near the ventricles. The main symptoms include headache, vomiting, irritability, and lethargy or coma. Infants may experience rapid head circumference enlargement.
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