Pediatrics - Page 58 | SinoMDB Web

Internal MedicineCardiovascular Medicine

Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome

Normal heartbeats originate from the sinoatrial node in the right atrium. There is a normal electrical signal pathway between the atria and ventricles, allowing impulses from the sinoatrial node to be transmitted to the ventricles through this normal pathway, causing ventricular contractions. Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome, also known as pre-excitation syndrome, is a clinical syndrome characterized by the presence of one or more additional electrical conduction pathways between the sinoatrial node or atria and ventricles, in addition to the normal electrical signal conduction pathway. This abnormal atrioventricular conduction pathway causes premature excitation of part or all of the ventricular myocardium, leading to characteristic electrocardiogram changes and potentially paroxysmal tachyarrhythmias. When tachycardia does not occur, WPW syndrome generally presents with no specific symptoms. However, when accompanied by rapid atrial arrhythmias, especially atrial flutter and atrial fibrillation, the heart rate can be extremely fast (up to 200 beats/minute), leading to symptoms such as significant palpitations and chest tightness. This can induce heart failure, cardiogenic syncope, and other complications.

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Internal MedicineCardiovascular Medicine

Dilated cardiomyopathy

Dilated cardiomyopathy is a type of cardiomyopathy characterized by enlargement of the left ventricle, right ventricle, or both, accompanied by systolic dysfunction. It is one of the common causes of heart failure, arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death, with a high mortality rate.

Internal MedicineCardiovascular Medicine

Pediatric arrhythmia

Pediatric arrhythmia refers to an abnormality in the frequency, rhythm, origin, conduction velocity, and sequence of cardiac impulses or heartbeats caused by various etiologies. It can occur in healthy children as well as in children with heart disease.

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Internal MedicineCardiovascular Medicine

Cardiomyopathy

Cardiomyopathy is a myocardial disease caused by various etiologies (genetic causes being the most common). This disease is organic, involving abnormal cardiac mechanical activity and/or electrical dysfunction. Pathologically, it manifests as inappropriate ventricular dilation or hypertrophy, affecting the heart's systolic or diastolic function, and can ultimately lead to severe heart failure, atrial or ventricular arrhythmias, or embolism. Primary cardiomyopathy is divided into four categories: dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, restrictive cardiomyopathy, and arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. A portion of each category is hereditary. Additionally, there are some unclassifiable cardiomyopathies of unknown cause, such as left ventricular non-compaction. Secondary cardiomyopathy refers to cardiomyopathy that is part of a systemic disease, meaning myocardial disease caused by known reasons or occurring in other diseases, also known as specific cardiomyopathy.

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SurgeryUrology

Epididymitis

The epididymis is a tissue that surrounds and lies closely on top of the testis. It is the site where sperm mature and are stored. Epididymitis is a common infection of the male reproductive system, which can be divided into acute epididymitis and chronic epididymitis. This disease is common in young and middle-aged men. The main symptoms include pain and swelling in the affected side of the scrotum.

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Internal MedicineHematology

Thrombocytopenia

Thrombocytopenia refers to a decrease in the number of platelets in the peripheral blood, with a platelet count of less than 100×10^9/L. It mainly manifests as various bleeding symptoms, such as petechiae, ecchymoses, epistaxis, gingival and conjunctival bleeding. In severe cases, there may be internal organ bleeding, such as gastrointestinal bleeding, genitourinary system bleeding, and cerebral hemorrhage. Thrombocytopenia is associated with decreased platelet production, increased destruction, increased consumption, and abnormal distribution.

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Internal MedicineHematology

Thrombocytopenic purpura

Thrombocytopenic purpura is a common hematological disorder characterized by bleeding due to a low platelet count or impaired platelet function. This disease is more common in individuals over 60 years old and women of childbearing age. The main symptoms include skin and mucous membrane bleeding, and in severe cases, internal organ and intracranial hemorrhage.

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PediatricsPediatrics

Chickenpox

Chickenpox is an acute infectious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus, characterized by a generalized itchy rash, erythema, or vesicles. Pregnant women, newborns, adolescents, adults, and immunocompromised individuals are susceptible to chickenpox.

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PediatricsPediatrics

Nocturnal enuresis in children

Infants urinate approximately 20 times a day during their first year. As they grow older, bladder capacity increases, and by age 3, they urinate about 11 times a day, with 0-1 nocturnal urinations, which are voluntary. If urination is involuntary, occurs more than twice a week, and persists for over three months, it is considered enuresis. Statistics show that approximately 16% of 5-year-olds, 10% of 7-year-olds, and 5% of 11-12-year-olds suffer from enuresis.

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