Public condition directory
Browse public condition summaries from China medical resources by stable specialty category.
Canker sores
Oral ulcers refer to ulcerative lesions that appear inside the mouth, usually on the buccal mucosa, lips, or tongue. They can be single or multiple, and are accompanied by swelling and pain.
View detailsScleritis
The sclera is the tough, white, fibrous outer layer of the eyeball. It is a connective tissue that extends from the edge of the cornea (commonly known as the "black of the eye") to the optic nerve at the back of the eye, giving the eye its white appearance and helping to maintain its shape. Scleritis is a severe, destructive, and vision-threatening inflammatory reaction involving the deep and entire scleral tissue. It is a serious eye disease often associated with underlying autoimmune conditions. Based on the depth of the lesion, it can be divided into two types: Episcleritis: The lesion is relatively superficial, and treatment is comparatively simple. Some patients may even recover spontaneously without special treatment. Scleritis: The lesion is deep and extensive, and it may be a manifestation of a systemic disease in the eye. Treatment is relatively difficult, the treatment cycle is long, and it is particularly prone to recurrence. Episcleritis commonly affects young and middle-aged adults aged 20-50, with a female-to-male incidence ratio of 3:1. Scleritis commonly affects individuals aged 40-60, with a higher incidence in females. The onset of this disease is acute, and the main symptoms are red eyes and eye pain.
View detailsConjunctival diseases
The conjunctiva, with most of its surface exposed to the external environment, is susceptible to irritation from external factors and microbial infections, leading to various diseases. Conjunctival diseases encompass a broad category, with conjunctivitis being the most common, followed by degenerative diseases, and also including rare conjunctival tumors. Conjunctivitis: Common types include viral and bacterial conjunctivitis, allergic conjunctivitis, and conjunctivitis caused by foreign body irritation. Conjunctival degenerative diseases: These include pinguecula, pterygium, and conjunctival concretions. Conjunctival tumors: These include primary benign conjunctival tumors, such as conjunctival nevi and conjunctival papillomas, and primary malignant conjunctival tumors, such as conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia and conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma.
View detailsOptic atrophy
The optic nerve is the pathway connecting the eye and the brain. After receiving light information, the eye transmits signals to the brain via the optic nerve. Optic atrophy refers to a morphological change where the optic nerve completely thins due to lesions in retinal ganglion cells and their axons caused by any disease. It is the final outcome of optic nerve damage. The main symptoms include decreased vision, visual field changes, and color vision impairment.
View detailsFloaters
Floaters refer to the presence of small, moving dark spots, or dot-like, sheet-like, or string-like floating objects in the field of vision, resembling flying insects. These are more noticeable when looking at a bright white background and may sometimes be accompanied by flashes of light. Floaters are mainly divided into two categories: physiological and pathological. They commonly occur in middle-aged and elderly individuals over 40 years old.
View detailsVitreous opacity
The vitreous humor is a transparent, gel-like substance that makes up the majority of the eyeball. Vitreous opacity refers to the presence of opaque bodies within the vitreous humor, leading to blurred vision and the sensation of floaters, dark spots, or clouds moving in front of the eyes. This condition is often caused by vitreous liquefaction and posterior detachment due to aging, or by diseases such as vitreous inflammation or hemorrhage. It is not a standalone disease but rather a common manifestation of various eye conditions. It can be divided into two types: Physiological vitreous opacity: Commonly seen in middle-aged and elderly individuals experiencing degenerative changes in the vitreous humor, a significant portion of whom are myopic patients. Generally, it does not affect vision and usually does not require treatment; regular follow-up is sufficient, or some medication may be given. Pathological vitreous opacity: Often caused by eye trauma, vitreous hemorrhage, intraocular inflammation, retinal diseases, uveitis, and other conditions. If not treated promptly, it can severely impair vision.
View detailsCentral serous chorioretinopathy
Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC), often referred to as "central serous retinopathy," is generally understood as a condition where damage to the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) leads to serous exudation in the surrounding area, resulting in retinal detachment. CSC has a high incidence in China and is one of the most common fundus diseases. It is a self-limiting disease, with most cases resolving spontaneously within 3 to 6 months. However, it is prone to recurrence, and repeated episodes can lead to irreversible visual impairment. It can be divided into the following two types: Acute CSC: Most acute cases of CSC spontaneously improve within 3 to 6 months, and visual acuity often returns to normal. However, some visual function changes, such as metamorphopsia, decreased contrast sensitivity, and abnormal color vision, may persist. Chronic CSC: A small number of cases have a protracted course lasting more than 6 months. When there is diffuse RPE decompensation in the affected area, it is defined as chronic CSC. The lesions are often more severe and are frequently associated with permanent vision loss. This disease predominantly affects young and middle-aged men, with an onset age of 20 to 45 years and a peak incidence around 40 years of age. The main symptoms include decreased central vision, potential blind spots or shadows in the central visual field, and objects may appear distorted or smaller than they actually are.
View detailsMacular degeneration
The macula is located in the posterior pole of the fundus, in the central part of the retina. It is the optical center of the human eye and the center of human vision. Macular degeneration refers to a disease in which the macula atrophies or undergoes metabolic abnormalities due to various factors such as age, genetics, and unfavorable environmental conditions. The main manifestations of macular degeneration include a decrease in central vision in one or both eyes, distorted vision, and other symptoms that gradually worsen. In severe cases, patients may lose daytime vision, color perception, or even become blind. Based on the etiology and pathological manifestations, macular degeneration can be classified into the following types: Age-related macular degeneration: This can be further divided into dry and wet types based on pathological manifestations. Hereditary macular degeneration Myopic macular degeneration
View detailsDry eye disease
Dry eye disease, also known as keratoconjunctivitis sicca, is a common ophthalmic condition characterized by decreased tear film stability due to abnormal tear quality, quantity, or dynamics, leading to ocular discomfort, damage to the ocular surface, and visual impairment. Normal human eyes require tears to stay clean and healthy. Tears are produced by the lacrimal glands located behind the upper eyelids. With each blink, tears are evenly distributed across the eye surface, keeping it moist. Tears drain into the tear ducts on the inner side of the eyelids and are then expelled. In patients with dry eye disease, the lacrimal glands either fail to produce enough tears or tears evaporate too quickly, leading to symptoms such as eye fatigue, foreign body sensation, and dryness.
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