Public condition directory
Browse public condition summaries from China medical resources by stable specialty category.
Kidney injury
Kidney injury refers to damage to the kidneys caused by various injurious factors, and it is a critical emergency. The main causes of kidney injury are various external forces, and systemic diseases affecting the kidneys can also lead to kidney injury.
View detailsPolycystic kidney disease
Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is a genetic disorder affecting the kidneys, typically with a familial inheritance pattern. It can be inherited in an autosomal dominant or recessive manner, with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) being the most common form. Symptoms may include hypertension, back pain, and blood in the urine.
View detailsMembranous nephropathy
Membranous nephropathy is a pathological diagnosis defined by characteristic histopathological changes in the kidney. Its characteristic pathological changes include immune complex deposition on the epithelial side of the glomerular capillary loops and thickening of the basement membrane. Membranous nephropathy is a common glomerular disease causing nephrotic syndrome in middle-aged and elderly individuals, with a peak incidence between 45 and 65 years of age. It is more common in males than females and rare in children.
Hypertensive nephropathy
Hypertensive nephropathy is kidney structural and functional damage caused by essential hypertension, and it is a major type of secondary nephropathy. Common symptoms of this disease include proteinuria, edema, and nocturia.
View detailsGlomerulonephritis
Glomerulonephritis is a group of inflammatory diseases primarily characterized by damage to the glomeruli. It is a common kidney disease, including acute glomerulonephritis, chronic glomerulonephritis, and rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. The main symptoms include proteinuria, hematuria, edema, hypertension, and impaired renal function.
View detailsUrinary tract infection
The urinary system is responsible for producing and expelling urine, and includes the kidneys, bladder, and the ureters and urethra that connect them. When bacteria enter the urinary system, a urinary tract infection (UTI) can occur. UTIs are most common in sexually active young and middle-aged women because the female rectum is closer to the urethral opening, making it easier for bacteria from feces to cause infection. Additionally, the female urethra is shorter, allowing bacteria to reach the bladder more easily. Some women also experience recurrent UTIs. In both men and women, diabetes, urinary tract stones, and the insertion of a urinary catheter can increase the risk of UTIs.
View detailsHenoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis
Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis is a type of Henoch-Schönlein purpura, characterized by kidney damage occurring on the basis of allergic purpura caused by an allergic reaction. The main pathological change of this disease is systemic necrotizing vasculitis, which also affects the kidneys, characterized by skin purpura, hemorrhagic enteritis, arthritis, and kidney damage. This disease is more common in children; both males and females can be affected, with a higher incidence in males than in females; it can occur in all seasons, with a higher incidence in spring and autumn.
View detailsDiabetic nephropathy
Diabetic nephropathy is kidney damage caused by diabetes, primarily characterized by proteinuria. Diabetic nephropathy is common in patients with type 1 diabetes and in patients with type 2 diabetes who have had the disease for more than 10 years.
View detailsIgA nephropathy
IgA nephropathy is a primary glomerular disease characterized by IgA (immunoglobulin A) deposition or predominant IgA deposition in the mesangial area of the glomeruli on renal biopsy, leading to a series of manifestations in patients. It is currently the most common primary glomerular disease worldwide and a significant cause of end-stage renal disease. It can occur at any age but is more common in males aged 20-30 years. The main symptoms of this disease are recurrent episodes of gross hematuria after infection, or microscopic hematuria observable under a microscope. Sometimes, it may be accompanied by varying degrees of foamy urine (proteinuria), and some patients may also experience severe hypertension or renal insufficiency.
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