Public condition directory
Browse public condition summaries from China medical resources by stable specialty category.
Simple goiter
The thyroid is a butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck. Patients with simple goiter have normal thyroid function, and it is characterized by an enlarged thyroid gland caused by iodine deficiency, goitrogenic substances, or genetic factors. It commonly occurs during puberty, pregnancy, lactation, and menopause, with the main manifestation being an enlarged thyroid gland.
View detailsProlactinoma
Prolactinoma refers to a pituitary tumor that secretes excessive prolactin, leading to symptoms such as amenorrhea, galactorrhea, and infertility. It is commonly seen in young women aged 20-40, with a higher incidence in females than males. Prolactinomas can also occur in children and adolescents, but are relatively rare in the elderly.
View detailsProlactinoma
Pituitary prolactinoma refers to a pituitary tumor that secretes excessive prolactin, leading to symptoms such as amenorrhea, galactorrhea, and infertility. It is commonly seen in young women aged 20-40, with a higher incidence in females than males. Pituitary prolactinoma can also occur in children and adolescents, while it is relatively rare in the elderly.
Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state
Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS), also known as hyperosmolar nonketotic diabetic coma, is a severe acute complication of diabetes characterized by hyperglycemia, hypernatremia, and high plasma osmolality, leading to severe dehydration (e.g., prostration) and altered consciousness (e.g., lethargy, confusion). It commonly affects individuals aged 50 to 70, predominantly those with type 2 diabetes, and occasionally type 1 diabetes. The onset of HHS is often insidious but progresses rapidly, with most patients presenting in a comatose or shock state (manifesting as pale skin and unconsciousness) at the time of diagnosis.
View detailsHyperphosphatemia
Hyperphosphatemia is a pathological condition characterized by an increase in phosphate levels in the blood above the normal range. Currently, a blood phosphate concentration exceeding 1.9 mmol/L (equivalent to 6 mg/dL) can be considered diagnostic of hyperphosphatemia. Hyperphosphatemia itself does not cause discomfort, but the underlying diseases that lead to elevated phosphate levels may present with symptoms. Additionally, severe hyperphosphatemia can be accompanied by hypocalcemia, leading to symptoms such as paresthesia, tetany, abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, and impaired consciousness.
View detailsHyperkalemia
Potassium is one of the most important cations in the body. Its main physiological functions include maintaining cell metabolism, regulating osmotic pressure and acid-base balance, and playing an important role in maintaining the normal physiological functions of nerve and muscle cells. Hyperkalemia is a pathological condition characterized by a serum potassium concentration higher than 5.5 mmol/L, mainly caused by impaired renal function, excessive potassium intake, or the use of certain medications. Patients mainly present with muscle weakness, paralysis, and decreased myocardial contractility. In severe cases, it can lead to arrhythmias and cardiac arrest, and the electrocardiogram may also show specific abnormalities.
View detailsCretinism
Cretinism, also known as congenital hypothyroidism, is a condition caused by congenital factors leading to impaired synthesis and reduced secretion of thyroid hormones. This results in delayed growth and development, and intellectual disability in affected children. It is one of the most common endocrine diseases in pediatrics, with a male-to-female ratio of approximately 1:2.
View detailsHyperaldosteronism
Aldosteronism refers to a group of diseases characterized by increased aldosterone secretion, primarily causing hypertension. It can be classified into primary and secondary types based on the etiology.
View detailsImpaired glucose tolerance
Impaired glucose tolerance, also known as prediabetes, is a condition where blood glucose levels are between normal and diabetic hyperglycemia. This means a fasting blood glucose level of ≥6.1 mmol/L but <7.0 mmol/L, or a 2-hour postprandial blood glucose level of ≥7.8 mmol/L but <11.1 mmol/L. Compared to individuals with normal blood glucose, patients with impaired glucose tolerance have a significantly increased risk of developing diabetes.
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