Public condition directory
Browse public condition summaries from China medical resources by stable specialty category.
Dystocia
Prolonged labor generally refers to labor lasting more than 24 hours. For women carrying twins or multiple fetuses, prolonged labor is defined as labor exceeding 16 hours. Prolonged labor increases the likelihood of a cesarean section, and an excessively long labor can lead to fetal hypoxia, abnormal fetal heart rate, abnormal substances in the amniotic fluid, and intrauterine infection.
View detailsAmniotic fluid embolism
Amniotic fluid embolism (AFE) is a severe syndrome that occurs during childbirth when amniotic fluid and its contents enter the mother's bloodstream, leading to pulmonary embolism, shock, coagulopathy, and multiple organ failure. AFE is a rare and extremely serious obstetric complication characterized by its acute onset, critical condition, unpredictability, and high mortality rate.
View detailsLate postpartum hemorrhage
Late postpartum hemorrhage, also known as puerperal hemorrhage, refers to significant uterine bleeding occurring after 24 hours postpartum and within the puerperium, with blood loss exceeding 500 ml. It most commonly occurs 1 to 2 weeks postpartum, but can be delayed up to 6 weeks postpartum. Vaginal bleeding can be scant or moderate, intermittent or continuous; it can also be sudden and heavy, accompanied by the expulsion of blood clots.
Anencephaly
Anencephaly is a condition characterized by an open defect in the cranial vault and corresponding skin, with absence or loss of brain tissue and exposure of the cranial neural tube. It is one of the most common congenital malformations and the most severe type of neural tube defect. The fetus primarily presents with absence or partial exposure of brain tissue, absence of the cranial vault, and a frog-like facial appearance with protruding eyeballs and a partially open mouth. It may also be accompanied by varying degrees of spina bifida. The prognosis for this disease is extremely poor, and there is no effective treatment. Affected infants cannot survive, and early induction of labor is recommended upon diagnosis.
View detailsTubal pregnancy
Tubal pregnancy is a type of ectopic pregnancy. Normally, a fertilized egg should travel through the fallopian tube to the uterus and implant there. In tubal pregnancy, the fertilized egg implants in the fallopian tube. The main symptoms of this condition are amenorrhea, abdominal pain, and vaginal bleeding.
View detailsStillbirth
Stillbirth refers to the death of a fetus in the uterus after 20 weeks of gestation. It is characterized by the absence of fetal movement (normally, pregnant women first perceive fetal movement at 18-20 weeks of gestation), cessation of uterine growth, disappearance of fetal heart sounds, and absence of umbilical artery pulsation.
View detailsFetal intrauterine growth retardation
Fetal intrauterine growth retardation, also known as fetal growth restriction (FGR), refers to a condition where the fetus's growth potential does not reach the expected level due to various factors. The main symptom of FGR is low birth weight, but not all small-for-gestational-age fetuses are considered to have FGR.
View detailsFetal distress
Fetal distress refers to a comprehensive set of symptoms where the fetus's health and life are endangered due to hypoxia in the uterus, categorized into acute and chronic types. Acute fetal distress often occurs during labor, while chronic fetal distress typically occurs in late pregnancy. There are many causes of fetal distress, such as maternal factors, fetal factors and fetal adnexa (placenta, fetal membranes, umbilical cord, amniotic fluid, etc.), difficult labor, and maternal conditions like gestational hypertension, chronic nephritis, and diabetes. The main manifestations include fetal intrauterine cerebral ischemia and hypoxia, which can lead to cerebral edema and necrosis of brain cells. Severe asphyxia can have serious consequences and endanger the fetus's life.
View detailsPlacental abruption
Placental abruption refers to the complete or partial detachment of a normally implanted placenta from the uterine wall after 20 weeks of gestation or during labor, prior to the delivery of the fetus. It is one of the severe complications of late pregnancy. The main clinical manifestations include vaginal bleeding and abdominal pain, often accompanied by persistent uterine contractions, uterine tenderness upon palpation, and changes in fetal heart rate (mostly deceleration or absence). Due to its acute onset and rapid progression, delayed management can endanger the lives of both the mother and the fetus.
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