Public condition directory
Browse public condition summaries from China medical resources by stable specialty category.
Hip dislocation
Hip dislocation refers to the condition where the joint between the femur and the pelvis loses its normal position and becomes misaligned. Specifically, it means the ball-shaped femoral head dislocates from the cup-shaped acetabulum of the pelvis. It is usually caused by severe trauma, such as a traffic accident or a fall from a height. Hip dislocation can also occur after hip replacement surgery.
View detailsPediatric femoral head necrosis
Pediatric avascular necrosis of the femoral head refers to avascular necrosis of the femoral head in children, commonly occurring around seven years of age. Early stages are usually asymptomatic, possibly presenting as weakness in the affected limb or painless limping. As the disease progresses, significant pain in the affected hip, muscle spasms, shortening of the affected limb, and restricted hip joint movement may occur. In the late stage, pain may disappear, activity may return to normal, or deformities and restricted movement may persist.
View detailsBone cyst
A bone cyst refers to a cavity within the bone filled with brownish-yellow fluid. It is a common benign tumor-like lesion of bone tissue and does not pose a serious threat to human health. It frequently occurs in the metaphysis of long bones, particularly the femur, humerus, and tibia, and in the pelvis, it is most commonly found in the ilium. It predominantly affects children and adolescents aged 5 to 15 years, with a male-to-female ratio of 2:1. This condition is often asymptomatic, or presents with only intermittent discomfort or post-exertional soreness. A pathological fracture may be the earliest symptom and sign.
Torticollis
Torticollis is a condition where the patient's head is tilted to one side due to contracture of muscles on one side of the neck or cervical spine malformation, often accompanied by varying degrees of restricted neck movement. Torticollis can be classified into the following types: Congenital muscular torticollis: The most common type of torticollis, frequently seen in children, caused by fibrosis and contracture of the sternocleidomastoid muscle on one side of the neck. Congenital osseous torticollis: A rarer type of torticollis caused by vertebral abnormalities during the development of the cervical spine. Spasmodic torticollis: Characterized by abnormal head and neck posture due to dysfunction of the neck muscle groups on one side, commonly seen in adults.
View detailsCongenital hip dislocation
Congenital hip dislocation, also known as developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), is a general term describing congenital or developmental abnormalities of the hip joint's anatomical structure in infants and children. These abnormalities range from mild defects, such as a shallow acetabulum, to severe defects, including deformities of the acetabulum and proximal femur.
View detailsFlatfoot
Flatfoot refers to a foot deformity characterized by a low or absent arch, eversion of the foot, and collapse of the arch during standing or walking, leading to fatigue or pain. Flatfoot has a genetic predisposition but is not a hereditary disease. It can be congenital or acquired. Flatfoot is common in children, especially preschoolers. Pediatric flatfoot often improves with age. In China, the prevalence among adolescents ranges from 25% to 49%, and among athletes, it can be as high as 11.7% to 39.5%.
View detailsBowlegs
Genu varum, also known as bowlegs or bandy legs, is a common lower limb deformity characterized by the inability of the knees to touch when the patient's legs are naturally extended or standing, while the heels can touch. It is commonly seen in children and adolescents. Based on the etiology, it can be divided into physiological and pathological types.
View detailsCongenital talipes equinovarus
Congenital talipes equinovarus (CTEV), also known as clubfoot, is a common congenital deformity characterized by a downward-pointing foot and an inward-turning forefoot and hindfoot at birth. It may be accompanied by other deformities such as polydactyly or syndactyly.
View detailsKnock-knees
Genu valgum, also known as knock-knees, is a common lower limb deformity characterized by the knees touching or nearly touching when the legs are naturally extended or standing, while the ankles are separated. Early typical symptoms include abnormal lower limb appearance and gait. In severe cases, it can lead to joint pain and affect normal walking. It is prevalent in children and adolescents.
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