Public condition directory
Browse public condition summaries from China medical resources by stable specialty category.
Hypogammaglobulinemia
Hypogammaglobulinemia refers to a condition where the concentration of some or all types of serum immunoglobulins is lower than normal. Normally, the human body has various types of immunoglobulins. If one, two, or all types of immunoglobulins, such as IgG, IgA, and IgM, are deficient, it can be termed hypogammaglobulinemia. It is primarily observed in infants and young children.
View detailsHereditary glomerular disease
The glomeruli are the blood filters of the kidneys. As blood passes through, the glomeruli retain blood cells and proteins while filtering out excess water and waste products. Hereditary glomerular disease refers to a group of diseases that are inherited within families, where the structure and function of the glomeruli are damaged, leading to various types of diseases. Different types of these diseases share similar symptoms, such as hematuria, proteinuria (foamy urine), edema, and decreased urine output.
View detailsHemolytic uremic syndrome
Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is a syndrome characterized by hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute renal failure. It commonly affects infants and school-aged children, and its onset may present with symptoms of gastroenteritis, diarrhea, or upper respiratory tract infection. HUS is divided into two types: typical and atypical: Typical HUS: Accounts for 90% of cases and is associated with Shiga toxin-producing bacteria (such as pathogenic E. coli and Shigella dysenteriae). It often presents with gastrointestinal symptoms like diarrhea, hence it is also known as diarrhea-associated HUS. Atypical HUS: Accounts for approximately 10% of cases. Its etiology is unknown, and it does not present with diarrhea. It may be associated with bacterial infections, medications, or other diseases.
Diagnosis of fetal congenital heart disease
The most important diagnostic method for fetal congenital heart disease is a systematic ultrasound examination, commonly known as a detailed anomaly scan. This is typically performed during the second trimester, between 20 and 26 weeks of gestation, with 22-24 weeks being the optimal time for a systematic ultrasound. During this period, various malformations in different parts of the fetal body can be detected, and congenital heart disease is also screened for at this time.
View detailsOstium primum atrial septal defect
Atrial septal defect (ASD) is a type of congenital heart disease, accounting for 30% of all congenital heart diseases. Ostium primum atrial septal defect is one type, also known as an unclosed ostium primum ASD, accounting for approximately 15%. The defect is located at the junction of the atrial septum and the endocardial cushion. It is often associated with a cleft in the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve, and occasionally with a cleft in the tricuspid valve. Compared to ostium secundum atrial septal defect, its pathophysiological changes are more severe, and the disease progresses more rapidly.
View detailsCongenital mitral insufficiency
The heart has four chambers: the left atrium, left ventricle, right atrium, and right ventricle. Between the left atrium and left ventricle, there is a "one-way valve" that controls blood flow, called the mitral valve. Its opening and closing ensure that blood flows from the left atrium into the left ventricle without backflow. If this "one-way valve" fails to close properly, leading to blood backflow, it is called mitral regurgitation. Congenital mitral regurgitation occurs when there is a congenital anomaly in the anatomical structure and/or function of the mitral valve, causing partial backflow of blood from the left ventricle into the left atrium.
View detailsCongenital mitral stenosis
The heart has 4 chambers and 4 sets of valves. The valve located between the left atrium and the left ventricle is called the mitral valve. Like a gate, the valve opens and closes to ensure the correct flow of blood within the heart. Congenital mitral stenosis is a developmental abnormality of the heart valve that prevents blood from flowing smoothly from the left atrium into the left ventricle. It is often accompanied by other cardiac malformations.
View detailsPediatric infective endocarditis
Pediatric infective endocarditis refers to microbial infection of the endocardium or the intima of adjacent large arteries, accompanied by the formation of endocardial vegetations (protrusions on the endocardium). It mainly manifests as fever, joint and muscle pain, and petechiae on the skin and mucous membranes. Detachment of vegetations can affect multiple systems, leading to embolism.
View detailsAtrial septal defect in children
Pediatric atrial septal defect refers to a condition where a portion of the atrial septum between the right and left atria fails to close during fetal development, forming a defect. It is one of the most common types of congenital heart disease. Pediatric atrial septal defect accounts for approximately 10% of all congenital heart diseases, ranking second in incidence among pediatric congenital heart diseases.
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