Public condition directory

Pediatrics

Browse public condition summaries from China medical resources by stable specialty category.

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PediatricsPediatrics

Trace element disorders

Trace element disorders refer to the deficiency of trace elements in the human body, leading to various complications. Iodine deficiency is the most common trace element disorder, with children and women being most affected. Essential trace elements: iodine, zinc, selenium, copper, molybdenum, chromium, cobalt, iron. Among these, iron, iodine, and zinc are micronutrients that are prone to deficiency. Potentially essential elements: manganese, silicon, boron, vanadium, nickel. Elements with potential toxicity but possibly essential functions at low doses: fluorine, cadmium, mercury, arsenic, aluminum, lithium, tin.

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PediatricsPediatrics

Febrile seizures

Febrile seizures are clinically common in infants and young children, typically occurring between 6 months and 5 years of age. They often happen during the early stages of infection with a high fever (greater than 38.5℃). The main manifestations include sudden clonic and tonic spasms of generalized or localized muscles, accompanied by strabismus, fixed gaze, upward rolling of the eyes, and impaired consciousness. Based on the etiology, febrile seizures can be classified into simple and complex types. Simple febrile seizures: These seizures have a clear fever trigger, such as an upper respiratory tract infection, and other organic diseases are ruled out. The seizures are generalized, typically lasting less than 15 minutes, and usually occur only once within 24 hours. This type accounts for a higher proportion of febrile seizures, exceeding 75%. Complex febrile seizures: Complex febrile seizures are clinically less common, accounting for 20%-30%, but they are relatively more harmful and have a poorer prognosis. They are mainly characterized by focal or generalized seizures lasting longer than 15 minutes, more than 2 seizures within 24 hours, and may be followed by central nervous system abnormalities, such as Todd's paralysis.

PediatricsPediatrics

Sleep terrors

Night terror is a childhood sleep disorder characterized by sudden awakening from deep sleep with a series of symptoms due to intense fear. It manifests as suddenly sitting up, screaming, and crying after falling asleep, accompanied by rapid breathing and increased heart rate. After the episode subsides, the child continues to sleep. The frequency of episodes may gradually decrease with age. Symptoms It often occurs suddenly within 30 minutes to 2 hours after falling asleep. During an episode, the child appears extremely terrified, suddenly panicking and screaming, accompanied by corresponding expressions and actions, such as rapid breathing and increased heart rate. It generally lasts for a few minutes. If parents try to wake the child during an episode, they often initially show no response, and even if awakened, they appear confused. The next day, the child has no memory of the night terror episode. Causes The exact cause of night terrors is not yet clear, but it may be related to the following factors. Pathological factors Lack of vitamin D or trace elements such as calcium and zinc can lead to symptoms of night terrors in children. It may be related to certain cranial and cerebral diseases, neurological disorders, or mental illnesses. Physiological factors Immature development and regulatory function of the child's nervous system. Improper diet, such as overeating or hunger, or consumption of stimulating beverages like coffee, strong tea, or cola. Poor sleeping posture or physical discomfort. Psychological factors Excessive mental stress. Mental tension, excitement, or fright during the day. Children may fear sleep due to terrifying dreams, affecting their sleep state. Environmental factors Poor sleep environment, such as excessively bright lights, noisy surroundings, unsuitable temperature or humidity, or uncomfortable bedding.

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Pediatrics

Trace element disorders

Febrile seizures

Sleep terrors

Dysphonia

Measles

Stuttering

Immunodeficiency disease

Congenital laryngeal stridor

Endocardial fibroelastosis in children