Pediatrics

Cholestasis syndrome

Cholestasis syndrome

Cholestasis syndrome, also known as cholestasis, refers to the impairment of bile production or flow caused by various intrahepatic and extrahepatic factors, preventing the normal flow of bile to the duodenum. This leads to the accumulation of substances that should be excreted in bile (such as conjugated bilirubin, bile acids, cholesterol, and alkaline phosphatase) in the blood, resulting in a series of clinical manifestations. The main symptoms include pruritus, steatorrhea due to malabsorption of fat-soluble nutrients, osteoporosis, and xanthomas.

Abdominal trauma

Abdominal trauma

Abdominal trauma can be classified into two types: closed and open, mostly caused by blunt and sharp objects. Simple abdominal wall trauma is often not accompanied by systemic symptoms. If combined with intra-abdominal organ injury, the manifestations are complex and the condition is critical.

Congenital anomalies of the bile duct

Congenital anomalies of the bile duct