Public condition directory
Browse public condition summaries from China medical resources by stable specialty category.
Unroofed coronary sinus syndrome
Unroofed coronary sinus syndrome, also known as coronary sinus septal defect, is a rare congenital heart disease, with an incidence of 0.2%-0.3% among all congenital heart diseases. Unroofed coronary sinus syndrome is rarely isolated and is usually associated with severe congenital heart diseases such as persistent left superior vena cava, cor triatriatum, and tricuspid atresia.
View detailsPersistent truncus arteriosus
Persistent truncus arteriosus is a rare congenital malformation. Due to a defect in embryonic development, the primitive truncus arteriosus fails to divide into the aorta and pulmonary artery, leaving a common arterial trunk. There is usually only one set of semilunar valves overriding both ventricles, often accompanied by a high ventricular septal defect.
View detailsSingle atrium
Single atrium, also known as cor biloculare, common atrium, or single atrium with three chambers, is a rare congenital heart disease characterized by the absence of development of the interatrial septum during the embryonic period, resulting in a common atrium. However, the interventricular septum is fully developed, leading to a single atrium with a three-chambered heart. The main symptoms of this condition include dyspnea, cyanosis, and clubbing of the fingers.
Pulmonary atresia
Pulmonary atresia (PAA) is a rare congenital heart disease, generally caused by genetic factors. The main manifestations are cyanosis and dyspnea.
View detailsPulmonary artery stenosis
Pulmonary artery stenosis is one of the common congenital cardiovascular diseases in clinical practice. Broadly, pulmonary artery stenosis includes stenosis of the pulmonary valve, valve annulus, right ventricular infundibulum, main pulmonary artery, and its branches. Multi-site stenosis is common, often accompanied by other intracardiac malformations, such as Tetralogy of Fallot. This disease is relatively common, with an incidence rate of approximately 5% to 12%. It is more prevalent in infants and young children, with a male-to-female ratio of about 3:2. Pulmonary valve stenosis is the most common type, accounting for about 90% of cases.
View detailsEbstein's anomaly
Ebstein's anomaly, also known as Ebstein's malformation, is a rare and complex congenital heart defect, and the most significant cause of congenital tricuspid regurgitation. In this condition, the tricuspid valve is displaced into the right ventricle, primarily due to the downward displacement of the septal and posterior leaflets. These leaflets are not at the atrioventricular annulus level but are displaced towards the apex of the right ventricular wall. The anterior leaflet's position is often normal. Consequently, the right ventricle is divided into two chambers: the ventricular chamber above the malformed valve has thin walls and merges with the right atrium to form a large chamber, known as the "atrialized right ventricle," which functions similarly to the right atrium; the chamber below the malformed valve, including the apex and outflow tract, is the "functional right ventricle," which performs the same role as a normal right ventricle but is relatively smaller. It is often associated with atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, or pulmonary stenosis or atresia. Increased right atrial pressure may occur, and if an atrial septal defect or patent foramen ovale is present, it can lead to a right-to-left shunt and cyanosis. Its incidence accounts for 0.5-1% of all congenital heart diseases.
View detailsMarfan syndrome
Marfan syndrome, also known as Marfan's syndrome, is an autosomal dominant hereditary connective tissue disorder. It was first reported in 1896 by French pediatrician Antoine Marfan, after whom it is named. This disease can affect connective tissues throughout the body, with the most commonly affected areas being the eyes, cardiovascular system, and musculoskeletal system. It can also lead to involvement of the lungs, skin, and central nervous system. Cardiovascular lesions, particularly aortic aneurysm and aortic dissection, are common and are the main cause of death in patients with this condition.
View detailsAortic valve stenosis
The aortic valve is located at the junction of the left ventricle and the aorta. Aortic stenosis is caused by congenital malformation of the valve leaflets, degenerative changes, or rheumatic heart disease, leading to thickening and adhesion of the aortic valve leaflets and narrowing of the valve opening. When aortic stenosis occurs, blood flow from the left ventricle into the aorta is obstructed, increasing the heart's workload and causing a series of problems.
View detailsSingle ventricle
Single ventricle is a congenital heart malformation where the ventricle receives blood from both the tricuspid and mitral valves, or from a common atrioventricular valve. Its incidence is approximately 1:6500 live births, accounting for about 1.5% of congenital heart diseases. Single ventricle formation results from the failure of the atrioventricular canal to properly align with the developing ventricle during embryonic development.
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