Stomatology

Black hairy tongue

Black hairy tongue

Black hairy tongue is a condition characterized by hypertrophy and hyperkeratosis of the filiform papillae, along with increased local pigmentation due to the action of pigment-producing bacteria or fungi, resulting in a black or brownish-gray appearance of the tongue surface. It is more common in middle-aged individuals, with a higher incidence in males than females, and is rare in children. The main symptom is black "hairs" on the dorsum of the tongue, with the color becoming darker towards the midline.

Alveolar osteitis

Alveolar osteitis

Alveolar osteitis is a localized oral infection that occurs after tooth extraction (especially after the extraction of complex mandibular molars). It is a bone wound infection caused by oral bacteria, most commonly occurring after the extraction of mandibular third molars, with an incidence rate between 5% and 30%. The main symptoms are severe pain in the alveolar socket 2 to 3 days after tooth extraction, radiating outwards, accompanied by a foul odor.

Radicular cyst