Surgery

Cholangitic stricture

Cholangitic stricture

Cholangitic stricture refers to the inflammation of the bile duct caused by gallstones and bile duct infection. Repeated and persistent bile duct inflammation leads to mucosal erosion, ulceration, and proliferation of connective tissue (scarring) within the bile duct, occupying the bile duct space and affecting its function. This condition is common in individuals with primary biliary diseases. Main symptoms include abdominal pain (sometimes accompanied by diarrhea), high fever, chills, and intermittent jaundice.

Splenic rupture

Splenic rupture

Splenic rupture is caused by traumatic injury to the spleen or underlying splenic diseases, leading to its rupture and internal bleeding. Splenic rupture is classified into traumatic splenic rupture and spontaneous splenic rupture, primarily characterized by internal bleeding and irritation of the peritoneum by blood (abdominal pain).

Pancreatic head cancer

Pancreatic head cancer