Surgery

Aortic insufficiency

Aortic insufficiency

Aortic regurgitation (AR) is a common heart valve disease characterized by the incomplete closure of the aortic valve during left ventricular diastole, leading to the backflow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle. This condition is caused by lesions in the aortic valve, valve annulus, and ascending aorta. The incidence of AR significantly increases in individuals over 65 years of age, which is directly related to calcific degeneration of the valve.

Tricuspid regurgitation

Tricuspid regurgitation

The tricuspid valve is a one-way valve that ensures blood flows from the right atrium to the right ventricle, primarily preventing blood backflow. Tricuspid regurgitation refers to the functional abnormality of the tricuspid valve leaflets and their supporting structures during right ventricular systole, which prevents the leaflets from closing completely, leading to blood flowing back into the right atrium and affecting the normal process of blood circulation.

Mitral regurgitation