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2553 conditionsPage 121 of 284

Obstetrics and GynecologyObstetrics

Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome

Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) is a severe and unique complication of monochorionic-diamniotic twin pregnancies. It refers to a series of pathophysiological changes and clinical symptoms caused by one fetus (donor twin) continuously transfusing blood to the other fetus (recipient twin) within the uterus. It typically occurs between 15 and 26 weeks of gestation, and if left untreated, the risk of fetal death is over 90%. Pregnant mothers generally do not have specific symptoms other than those related to pregnancy. However, the clinical manifestations in the fetuses vary greatly depending on their blood volume. For example, if one fetus is the donor twin, its blood volume is significantly reduced, which can lead to oligohydramnios, oliguria, anemia, and intrauterine growth restriction. If the other fetus is the recipient twin, its blood volume is significantly increased, which can lead to polyhydramnios, polyuria, edema, and heart failure.

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Obstetrics and GynecologyObstetrics

Fetal congenital malformation

Fetal congenital malformations refer to abnormalities in the morphology of a certain structure or organ of the fetus during its development. Common fetal malformations include anencephaly, hydrocephalus, open spina bifida, cleft lip, cleft palate, congenital heart disease, and Down syndrome (Trisomy 21). When fetal malformations occur, the mother usually has no subjective symptoms. The vast majority of fetal malformations can be detected by prenatal ultrasound examination.

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Complications of pregnancy

Pregnancy complications, also known as pregnancy comorbidities, refer to diseases caused by non-pregnancy factors that occur before or during pregnancy. These diseases coexist with pregnancy, and the diseases can affect the pregnancy, while the pregnancy can also affect the course of these diseases. There are many types of pregnancy complications, which can be divided into the following 14 categories by system: Cardiovascular system: such as rheumatic heart disease, congenital heart disease, hypertension. Respiratory system: such as pulmonary tuberculosis, pneumonia, bronchiectasis, bronchial asthma. Hematological diseases: such as anemia, thrombocytopenic purpura, leukemia, hemoglobinopathy, etc. Digestive system diseases: such as hepatitis B, cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, pancreatitis, acute appendicitis, peptic ulcer, ulcerative colitis, idiopathic fatty liver of pregnancy (acute yellow liver atrophy), etc. Urinary system diseases: such as cystitis, acute or chronic pyelonephritis, kidney stones, glomerulonephritis, etc. Endocrine system diseases: such as diabetes, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, hyperparathyroidism or hypoparathyroidism, diabetes insipidus, adrenal insufficiency, pheochromocytoma. Infectious diseases: such as rubella, chickenpox, measles, mumps, influenza, poliomyelitis, scarlet fever, typhoid fever, toxoplasmosis, etc. Reproductive tract infectious diseases: such as herpes virus infection, cytomegalovirus infection, condyloma acuminatum, mycoplasma infection, chlamydia infection, candidal vulvovaginitis, trichomonal vaginitis. Sexually transmitted diseases: such as syphilis, gonorrhea, etc. Connective tissue diseases: such as lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis. Skin diseases: such as pemphigoid gestationis, psoriasis, etc. Neurological diseases: such as epilepsy, migraine, etc. Tumors: such as cervical cancer, etc. Mental illnesses: such as hysteria, schizophrenia, etc.

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Disease Database

Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome

Fetal congenital malformation

Amniotic fluid abnormalities

Pregnancy-induced hypertension

Complications of pregnancy

Myomectomy

Hysterectomy

Fallopian tube interventional recanalization surgery

Salpingectomy