Public condition directory
Browse public condition summaries from China medical resources by stable specialty category.
Primary cutaneous amyloidosis
Primary cutaneous amyloidosis refers to the abnormal deposition of amyloid protein in the skin, leading to localized rashes, plaques, and thickening, as well as changes in skin color due to hyperpigmentation or hypopigmentation. This disease is common in the Middle East, Asia, and Central and South America. The most common symptom is purple or dark brown rashes on the limbs or back.
View detailsParoxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is an acquired hematological disorder caused by a genetic mutation in hematopoietic stem cells. It commonly affects individuals aged 30-40, with a slightly higher incidence in females. The main symptom is the discovery of tea-colored urine upon urination in the morning.
View detailsMethemoglobinemia
Under physiological conditions, hemoglobin forms methemoglobin due to auto-oxidation. However, the enzymatic or non-enzymatic reduction systems in the body ensure that the reduction capacity of methemoglobin far exceeds the oxidation capacity of hemoglobin, thereby maintaining the proportion of methemoglobin in hemoglobin at no more than 1%. When methemoglobin production is excessive or its reduction is impaired, the balance between methemoglobin and hemoglobin is disrupted, and the methemoglobin content in the blood exceeds 1%, leading to methemoglobinemia. The main manifestations include cyanosis (unresponsive to oxygen therapy), dyspnea, and dizziness.
Thalassemia
Anemia is defined as hemoglobin levels below 120 g/L in adult males and below 110 g/L in adult females. Thalassemia, also known as Cooley's anemia or Mediterranean anemia, is a group of inherited blood disorders caused by genetic defects. It results from abnormal globin, a crucial component of hemoglobin (commonly known as blood pigment), leading to the premature destruction of red blood cells (hemolysis). The highest incidence of this disease is found in countries along the Mediterranean coast and in Southeast Asian countries. In China, provinces south of the Yangtze River are high-incidence areas, with Guangxi, Guangdong, and Hainan provinces having the highest rates. Key symptoms include pale complexion, slow eating, developmental delay, fatigue, poor appetite, and abdominal swelling.
View detailsHemolytic anemia
Hemolytic anemia is a general term for a group of diseases characterized by shortened red blood cell lifespan and increased destruction due to intrinsic red blood cell defects and extrinsic factors. Although bone marrow hematopoiesis is compensatorily enhanced, it is insufficient to compensate for red blood cell destruction, ultimately leading to anemia. It can be divided into the following two types: Acute hemolytic anemia: Mostly intravascular hemolysis, with an acute onset, which can lead to severe systemic symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, widespread aches and pains, hematuria, and jaundice. If not treated promptly, it can cause severe harm, leading to organ failure, shock, and even death. Chronic hemolytic anemia: Mostly extravascular hemolysis, with gradual onset of ischemic and hypoxic symptoms. If not effectively treated for a long time, it can severely damage the normal structure and function of the liver, spleen, and bones, and cause gallstones.
View detailsPolycythemia vera
In special circumstances, bone marrow tissue can undergo abnormal proliferation. Myeloid neoplasms characterized by clonal erythroid proliferation are generally referred to as polycythemia vera (PV). This is a chronic disease primarily characterized by an increased number of red blood cells in the peripheral blood and increased blood viscosity. Patients often present with elevated white blood cell and platelet counts, hepatosplenomegaly, and may experience complications such as bleeding or thrombosis. Some cases may progress to acute leukemia or myelofibrosis.
View detailsThrombophilia
Thrombophilia refers to a condition where blood clots are prone to form in blood vessels, leading to embolism. This is caused by abnormalities in coagulation factors or other high-risk factors for clot formation in the patient's body. It can be divided into hereditary thrombophilia and acquired thrombophilia.
View detailsHodgkin lymphoma
Hodgkin lymphoma, also known as Hodgkin's disease, is a hematological malignancy originating from lymph nodes, primarily affecting lymph nodes, spleen, liver, and bone marrow. It is one of the most common malignancies among young adults. Common symptoms include painless swelling of lymph nodes in the neck, supraclavicular area, armpits, and groin, as well as fever, weight loss, night sweats, and persistent fatigue. Based on the morphology and immunophenotype of tumor cells, Hodgkin lymphoma can be divided into two main subgroups: nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma and classical Hodgkin lymphoma. Classical Hodgkin lymphoma can be further classified into the following subtypes: Nodular sclerosis classical Hodgkin lymphoma Mixed cellularity classical Hodgkin lymphoma Lymphocyte-rich classical Hodgkin lymphoma Lymphocyte-depleted classical Hodgkin lymphoma
View detailsMyelofibrosis
Myelofibrosis, abbreviated as MF, is a myeloproliferative neoplasm. It is characterized by the replacement of normal hematopoietic tissue with proliferative fibrous tissue due to known or unknown causes, leading to abnormal bone marrow hematopoiesis and a series of clinical symptoms.
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