Public condition directory
Browse public condition summaries from China medical resources by stable specialty category.
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) has been renamed "primary immune thrombocytopenia." It is a hemorrhagic disease caused by abnormal autoimmune function, primarily characterized by thrombocytopenia. Patients may present with skin purpura and mucosal bleeding, or they may have no signs of bleeding.
View detailsChildhood Langerhans cell histiocytosis
Langerhans cell histiocytosis, abbreviated as LCH, was formerly known as histiocytosis-X, Letterer-Siwe disease, Hand-Schüller-Christian disease, and diffuse reticuloendothelial proliferation, but these names are now obsolete. The medical term "eosinophilic granuloma" is sometimes used to describe the pathology of individual lesions, particularly isolated osteolytic lesions. This is a very rare disease in which various tissues and organs of the body are infiltrated by dendritic cells called "histiocytes" after onset, leading to impaired function of these organs. The most commonly infiltrated organ is the bone, manifesting as osteolytic bone disease. In addition, the skin, lymph nodes, lungs, thymus, liver, spleen, bone marrow, and central nervous system can also be infiltrated by histiocytes, leading to dysfunction. This disease can occur at any age but is most common in children aged 1 to 3 years.
View detailsT-cell lymphoma
T-cell lymphoma is a malignant tumor originating from T lymphocytes, and it is a type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. T cells are an important component of the human immune system, helping the body fight infections. However, when T cells lose control and begin to proliferate too rapidly and accumulate, they form lymphoma.
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a type of leukemia characterized by a problem in the replication mechanism of lymphocytes, leading to the uncontrolled production of a large number of abnormal lymphocytes. These abnormal cells interfere with the production of other normal blood cells, resulting in a range of symptoms.
View detailsIron deficiency anemia
Iron is involved in the production of hemoglobin in red blood cells, which transports oxygen. Iron deficiency anemia is a type of anemia caused by a lack of iron in the body, leading to reduced hemoglobin (Hb) synthesis. It is the most common type of anemia. This condition is common in women, children, vegetarians, and frequent blood donors. Mild iron deficiency anemia may not show obvious symptoms, but severe cases can lead to fatigue, shortness of breath, dizziness, headache, difficulty concentrating, and irritability.
View detailsEssential thrombocythemia
Primary thrombocythemia is a chronic myeloproliferative disorder characterized by persistent proliferation of megakaryocytes in the bone marrow and increased platelet count with abnormal function. It is a clonal proliferative disorder of hematopoietic pluripotent stem cells. The main clinical manifestations include bleeding, thrombosis, and significant splenomegaly.
View detailsNon-Hodgkin lymphoma
Lymphoma is a malignant tumor of the immune system originating from lymph nodes and lymphatic tissues. Based on histopathological changes, it can be divided into two main categories: Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma refers to all malignant lymphomas that are not classified as Hodgkin lymphoma, accounting for 90% of all lymphomas. This disease is more common in individuals over 60 years old, with a higher incidence in males than females. The main manifestations include painless, progressive lymphadenopathy or localized masses, with systemic and diverse symptoms.
View detailsCastleman disease
Castleman disease, also known as angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia or giant lymph node hyperplasia, is a rare chronic lymphoproliferative disorder. It was first reported by Dr. Benjamin Castleman, hence the name Castleman Disease. The main manifestations of this disease include enlarged lymph nodes, fever, and weight loss.
View detailsAcute leukemia
Acute leukemia is a disease characterized by the rapid proliferation of human hematopoietic stem cells within a short period. Normal hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow undergo abnormal changes, and these altered cells, known as leukemia cells, proliferate extensively and accumulate in the bone marrow, suppressing the body's normal hematopoietic function. Based on the type of hematopoietic stem cells that undergo abnormal changes, acute leukemia can be divided into two types: Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML): This typically refers to myeloid cells originating from bone marrow tissue that fail to differentiate normally. These undifferentiated cells continuously accumulate in the bone marrow tissue, leading to the onset of the disease. It is more common in young and middle-aged adults. Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL): This is caused by the continuous accumulation of immature lymphocytes in the bone marrow. It is clinically less common than acute myeloid leukemia. The incidence of this disease is slightly higher in males than in females. The main symptoms include anemia, bleeding, and fever. Some patients present with skin lesions or bone and joint pain as their initial symptoms.
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