Public condition directory
Browse public condition summaries from China medical resources by stable specialty category.
Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia
Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) is a common type of tachycardia, a rapid and regular arrhythmia caused by abnormal electrical signal conduction in the heart. It is characterized by sudden onset and sudden termination, lasting from several minutes to several hours each time, and can resolve spontaneously.
View detailsHeart failure
Heart failure, or HF, refers to the abnormal changes in the heart's pumping function due to various pathogenic factors, leading to an absolute decrease or relative insufficiency of cardiac output, which fails to meet the metabolic needs of the body's tissues and cells. It is more common in people over 70 years old and can manifest as shortness of breath, fatigue, palpitations, and lower limb edema.
View detailsAtrial fibrillation
Atrial fibrillation (AF), often abbreviated as AFib, is a common type of arrhythmia characterized by the loss of regular and organized atrial electrical activity, replaced by rapid and chaotic fibrillatory waves. It represents a severe disturbance of atrial electrical activity, predominantly affecting older adults, and typically manifests as an irregular and rapid heart rate. It can be primarily categorized into the following types: First-diagnosed AF: This refers to AF detected for the first time, regardless of other characteristics, and can be any of the subsequent four types. Paroxysmal AF: AF that lasts for ≤ 7 days (typically ≤ 48 hours) and terminates spontaneously or after treatment. Persistent AF: AF that lasts for > 7 days and terminates after treatment. Long-standing persistent AF: AF that has lasted for ≥ 1 year, where the patient desires to restore normal heart rhythm and undergoes appropriate treatment to achieve sinus rhythm. Permanent AF: AF that has lasted for > 1 year. It cannot be terminated or recurs after termination, and both the physician and patient decide to abandon attempts to restore sinus rhythm.
Arrhythmia
Arrhythmia refers to a general term for symptoms such as irregular, fast, or slow heartbeats caused by abnormalities in the heart's electrical conduction system. Common arrhythmias include sinus bradycardia, sinus tachycardia, premature beats, supraventricular tachycardia, and ventricular tachycardia (ventricular flutter, ventricular fibrillation). Arrhythmias are common in the elderly, and their causes are complex and diverse. Organic heart disease, endocrine disorders, electrolyte imbalances, and drug poisoning are the main causes of arrhythmias. Mild arrhythmias generally have no obvious symptoms, while severe cases may experience palpitations, chest tightness, sweating, and fatigue. Critically ill patients may experience syncope or even sudden death.
View detailsHypertension
Hypertension is a condition where blood pressure in the arteries is abnormally elevated and exceeds the upper limit of the normal range. Data shows that the prevalence of hypertension among adults in China was 27.9% from 2012 to 2015, meaning approximately 1 in 3 adults had hypertension, and the prevalence trend is generally increasing. The "Chinese Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Hypertension (2018 Revised Edition)" defines hypertension as: in the absence of antihypertensive medication, three non-consecutive days of office blood pressure readings (measured by a doctor in a hospital clinic using professional methods) are all above normal, i.e., systolic blood pressure (also known as high pressure) is greater than or equal to 140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure (also known as low pressure) is greater than or equal to 90 mmHg. Based on the degree of blood pressure elevation, hypertension can be divided into 3 grades. The higher the grade, the more dangerous the hypertension. Mild (Grade 1 hypertension): Systolic blood pressure 140-159 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure 90-99 mmHg. Moderate (Grade 2 hypertension): Systolic blood pressure 160-179 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure 100-110 mmHg. Severe (Grade 3 hypertension): Systolic blood pressure exceeding 180 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure exceeding 110 mmHg. Based on different etiologies, hypertension can be divided into primary hypertension and secondary hypertension. Primary hypertension (essential hypertension): The specific cause is unknown. Most individuals with elevated blood pressure have primary hypertension, and generally require lifelong medication to control blood pressure. Secondary hypertension: Has a clear etiology, such as kidney disease, renal artery stenosis, pheochromocytoma, primary aldosteronism, Cushing's syndrome, obstructive sleep apnea, use of certain medications, coarctation of the aorta, etc. After removing these causes, blood pressure may improve or even return to normal completely.
View detailsCoronary heart disease
Coronary heart disease, also known as coronary atherosclerotic heart disease, is a condition in which the coronary arteries narrow or even become blocked due to atherosclerosis, thromboembolism, or vasospasm. This obstruction of blood flow leads to insufficient blood perfusion of the downstream myocardium, resulting in myocardial ischemia. This disease is more common in people over 35 years old, with a higher incidence in males. The main symptom is chest discomfort, usually pain, which is often triggered by strenuous activity, emotional excitement, or overeating. Pain may also occur in the arms, shoulders, neck, throat, upper jaw, teeth, upper abdomen, or back.
View detailsErysipelas
Erysipelas is an acute inflammatory skin disease caused by the invasion of damaged skin and mucous membrane reticular lymphatic vessels by beta-hemolytic streptococci. It commonly affects the lower limbs and face, and is characterized by fever, erythema, and blisters.
View detailsSpasmodic torticollis
Spasmodic torticollis refers to a condition characterized by involuntary contractions of the neck muscles, leading to involuntary twisting of the head and neck, resulting in abnormal head posture. For most patients, symptoms gradually worsen after onset, with the most significant progression occurring in the first 5 years, after which the condition tends to stabilize. Spasmodic torticollis can occur at any age, but it predominantly manifests in adulthood, rarely appearing in children. It is also more common in females than in males.
View detailsLow back pain
Low back pain refers to pain occurring in the lower back, lumbosacral, or sacroiliac regions, primarily on one or both sides of the waist, which may radiate to the legs. The most common cause of low back pain is mechanical injury due to various factors, such as lumbar sprains. In addition, localized lumbar spine lesions caused by chronic strain are also common among clinical patients. Some patients may also experience low back pain due to other systemic diseases affecting the lumbar region.
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